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Rootstock-Dependent Response of Hass Avocado to Salt Stress

Salt stress is a major limiting factor in avocado (Persea americana) cultivation, exacerbated by global trends towards scarcity of high-quality water for irrigation. Israeli avocado orchards have been irrigated with relatively high-salinity recycled municipal wastewater for over three decades, over...

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Autores principales: Lazare, Silit, Cohen, Yafit, Goldshtein, Eitan, Yermiyahu, Uri, Ben-Gal, Alon, Dag, Arnon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399844/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34451717
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081672
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author Lazare, Silit
Cohen, Yafit
Goldshtein, Eitan
Yermiyahu, Uri
Ben-Gal, Alon
Dag, Arnon
author_facet Lazare, Silit
Cohen, Yafit
Goldshtein, Eitan
Yermiyahu, Uri
Ben-Gal, Alon
Dag, Arnon
author_sort Lazare, Silit
collection PubMed
description Salt stress is a major limiting factor in avocado (Persea americana) cultivation, exacerbated by global trends towards scarcity of high-quality water for irrigation. Israeli avocado orchards have been irrigated with relatively high-salinity recycled municipal wastewater for over three decades, over which time rootstocks were selected for salt-tolerance. This study’s objective was to evaluate the physiological salt response of avocado as a function of the rootstock. We irrigated fruit-bearing ‘Hass’ trees grafted on 20 different local and introduced rootstocks with water high in salts (electrical conductivity of 1.4–1.5 dS/m). The selected rootstocks represent a wide range of genetic backgrounds, propagation methods, and horticultural characteristics. We investigated tree physiology and development during two years of salt exposure by measuring Cl and Na leaf concentrations, leaf osmolality, visible damages, trunk circumference, LAI, CO(2) assimilation, stomatal conductance, spectral reflectance, stem water potential, trichomes density, and yield. We found a significant effect of the rootstocks on stress indicators, vegetative and reproductive development, leaf morphogenesis and photosynthesis rates. The most salt-sensitive rootstocks were VC 840, Dusa, and VC 802, while the least sensitive were VC 159, VC 140, and VC 152. We conclude that the rootstock strongly influences avocado tree response to salinity exposure in terms of physiology, anatomy, and development.
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spelling pubmed-83998442021-08-29 Rootstock-Dependent Response of Hass Avocado to Salt Stress Lazare, Silit Cohen, Yafit Goldshtein, Eitan Yermiyahu, Uri Ben-Gal, Alon Dag, Arnon Plants (Basel) Article Salt stress is a major limiting factor in avocado (Persea americana) cultivation, exacerbated by global trends towards scarcity of high-quality water for irrigation. Israeli avocado orchards have been irrigated with relatively high-salinity recycled municipal wastewater for over three decades, over which time rootstocks were selected for salt-tolerance. This study’s objective was to evaluate the physiological salt response of avocado as a function of the rootstock. We irrigated fruit-bearing ‘Hass’ trees grafted on 20 different local and introduced rootstocks with water high in salts (electrical conductivity of 1.4–1.5 dS/m). The selected rootstocks represent a wide range of genetic backgrounds, propagation methods, and horticultural characteristics. We investigated tree physiology and development during two years of salt exposure by measuring Cl and Na leaf concentrations, leaf osmolality, visible damages, trunk circumference, LAI, CO(2) assimilation, stomatal conductance, spectral reflectance, stem water potential, trichomes density, and yield. We found a significant effect of the rootstocks on stress indicators, vegetative and reproductive development, leaf morphogenesis and photosynthesis rates. The most salt-sensitive rootstocks were VC 840, Dusa, and VC 802, while the least sensitive were VC 159, VC 140, and VC 152. We conclude that the rootstock strongly influences avocado tree response to salinity exposure in terms of physiology, anatomy, and development. MDPI 2021-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8399844/ /pubmed/34451717 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081672 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lazare, Silit
Cohen, Yafit
Goldshtein, Eitan
Yermiyahu, Uri
Ben-Gal, Alon
Dag, Arnon
Rootstock-Dependent Response of Hass Avocado to Salt Stress
title Rootstock-Dependent Response of Hass Avocado to Salt Stress
title_full Rootstock-Dependent Response of Hass Avocado to Salt Stress
title_fullStr Rootstock-Dependent Response of Hass Avocado to Salt Stress
title_full_unstemmed Rootstock-Dependent Response of Hass Avocado to Salt Stress
title_short Rootstock-Dependent Response of Hass Avocado to Salt Stress
title_sort rootstock-dependent response of hass avocado to salt stress
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399844/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34451717
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081672
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AT yermiyahuuri rootstockdependentresponseofhassavocadotosaltstress
AT bengalalon rootstockdependentresponseofhassavocadotosaltstress
AT dagarnon rootstockdependentresponseofhassavocadotosaltstress