Synthesis and Characterization of Photoluminescent Ce(III) and Ce(IV) Substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanomaterials by Co-Precipitation Method: Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility Evaluation

Improved compounds of Ce(III) and Ce(IV)-doped hydroxyapatite (Ca(10-x)Ce(x)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2)) with different concentrations such as x = 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10%, obtained by the simple co-precipitation method were synthesized. The cerium (3(+)) and cerium (4(+))-doped hydroxyapatite were evaluated for biocompatibility and fluorescence properties. It was found that the cerium-HAp powders were non-toxic, even at higher level of concentration. The synthesized powders were further characterized by FTIR spectrometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD diffraction, SEM and TEM analysis. Therefore, the present study proves that the developed cerium (3(+)) and cerium (4(+))-doped hydroxyapatite, respectively can be widely used as luminescent labeling materials, with improved biological properties.