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Clostridium haemolyticum Infection: A Cause of Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient with Bone Marrow Necrosis

Clostridium haemolyticum is a sporulating Gram-positive anaerobic rod that is considered to be one of the most fastidious and oxygen-sensitive anaerobes. It is a well-known animal pathogen and the cause of bacillary hemoglobinuria primarily in cattle. To date, human infections caused by C. haemolyti...

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Autores principales: Lagneaux, Anne Sophie, Hénard, Sandrine, Diancourt, Laure, Stein, Emmanuelle, Perez, Pierre, Mathieu, Pierre, Alauzet, Corentine, Lozniewski, Alain
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399981/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34442646
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081568
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author Lagneaux, Anne Sophie
Hénard, Sandrine
Diancourt, Laure
Stein, Emmanuelle
Perez, Pierre
Mathieu, Pierre
Alauzet, Corentine
Lozniewski, Alain
author_facet Lagneaux, Anne Sophie
Hénard, Sandrine
Diancourt, Laure
Stein, Emmanuelle
Perez, Pierre
Mathieu, Pierre
Alauzet, Corentine
Lozniewski, Alain
author_sort Lagneaux, Anne Sophie
collection PubMed
description Clostridium haemolyticum is a sporulating Gram-positive anaerobic rod that is considered to be one of the most fastidious and oxygen-sensitive anaerobes. It is a well-known animal pathogen and the cause of bacillary hemoglobinuria primarily in cattle. To date, human infections caused by C. haemolyticum have been reported in three patients with malignant underlying diseases. We present herein the case of a 30-year-old obese woman with no significant past medical history who developed bacteremia caused by C. haemolyticum with massive intravascular hemolysis associated with bone marrow necrosis and acute renal failure. Because of subculture failure, the diagnosis was made on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing and next-generation sequencing. The patient, who had been afebrile for 20 days after a 17-day-course of antibiotics, experienced a second bacteremic episode caused by C. haemolyticum. After having been successfully treated for 42 days with clindamycin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, the patient developed acute myeloid leukemia as a result of bone marrow regeneration. Although uncommon in humans, infections caused by C. haemolyticum are severe and should be considered in a febrile patient who has severe hemolytic anemia. This case also highlights the importance of using molecular techniques for the identification of this fastidious anaerobic organism.
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spelling pubmed-83999812021-08-29 Clostridium haemolyticum Infection: A Cause of Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient with Bone Marrow Necrosis Lagneaux, Anne Sophie Hénard, Sandrine Diancourt, Laure Stein, Emmanuelle Perez, Pierre Mathieu, Pierre Alauzet, Corentine Lozniewski, Alain Microorganisms Case Report Clostridium haemolyticum is a sporulating Gram-positive anaerobic rod that is considered to be one of the most fastidious and oxygen-sensitive anaerobes. It is a well-known animal pathogen and the cause of bacillary hemoglobinuria primarily in cattle. To date, human infections caused by C. haemolyticum have been reported in three patients with malignant underlying diseases. We present herein the case of a 30-year-old obese woman with no significant past medical history who developed bacteremia caused by C. haemolyticum with massive intravascular hemolysis associated with bone marrow necrosis and acute renal failure. Because of subculture failure, the diagnosis was made on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing and next-generation sequencing. The patient, who had been afebrile for 20 days after a 17-day-course of antibiotics, experienced a second bacteremic episode caused by C. haemolyticum. After having been successfully treated for 42 days with clindamycin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, the patient developed acute myeloid leukemia as a result of bone marrow regeneration. Although uncommon in humans, infections caused by C. haemolyticum are severe and should be considered in a febrile patient who has severe hemolytic anemia. This case also highlights the importance of using molecular techniques for the identification of this fastidious anaerobic organism. MDPI 2021-07-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8399981/ /pubmed/34442646 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081568 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Case Report
Lagneaux, Anne Sophie
Hénard, Sandrine
Diancourt, Laure
Stein, Emmanuelle
Perez, Pierre
Mathieu, Pierre
Alauzet, Corentine
Lozniewski, Alain
Clostridium haemolyticum Infection: A Cause of Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient with Bone Marrow Necrosis
title Clostridium haemolyticum Infection: A Cause of Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient with Bone Marrow Necrosis
title_full Clostridium haemolyticum Infection: A Cause of Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient with Bone Marrow Necrosis
title_fullStr Clostridium haemolyticum Infection: A Cause of Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient with Bone Marrow Necrosis
title_full_unstemmed Clostridium haemolyticum Infection: A Cause of Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient with Bone Marrow Necrosis
title_short Clostridium haemolyticum Infection: A Cause of Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient with Bone Marrow Necrosis
title_sort clostridium haemolyticum infection: a cause of hemolytic anemia in a patient with bone marrow necrosis
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399981/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34442646
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081568
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