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Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin?

Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a recently identified virus affecting both domestic and wild carnivores, including foxes, sometimes in presence of severe clinical signs. Its circulation in wild animals can thus represent a potential threat for endangered species conservation and an infection source...

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Autores principales: Franzo, Giovanni, Menandro, Maria Luisa, Tucciarone, Claudia Maria, Barbierato, Giacomo, Crovato, Lorenzo, Mondin, Alessandra, Libanora, Martina, Obber, Federica, Orusa, Riccardo, Robetto, Serena, Citterio, Carlo, Grassi, Laura
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8400258/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34451466
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081002
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author Franzo, Giovanni
Menandro, Maria Luisa
Tucciarone, Claudia Maria
Barbierato, Giacomo
Crovato, Lorenzo
Mondin, Alessandra
Libanora, Martina
Obber, Federica
Orusa, Riccardo
Robetto, Serena
Citterio, Carlo
Grassi, Laura
author_facet Franzo, Giovanni
Menandro, Maria Luisa
Tucciarone, Claudia Maria
Barbierato, Giacomo
Crovato, Lorenzo
Mondin, Alessandra
Libanora, Martina
Obber, Federica
Orusa, Riccardo
Robetto, Serena
Citterio, Carlo
Grassi, Laura
author_sort Franzo, Giovanni
collection PubMed
description Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a recently identified virus affecting both domestic and wild carnivores, including foxes, sometimes in presence of severe clinical signs. Its circulation in wild animals can thus represent a potential threat for endangered species conservation and an infection source for dogs. Nevertheless, no data were available on its circulation in the Alps region of Northern Italy. In the present study, samples collected from 186 foxes in the period 2009–2020 from Valle d’Aosta and Veneto regions were tested using a real-time PCR assay, demonstrating a viral circulation of approximatively 2–5%, depending on the considered regions. Two complete or almost complete genome sequences were obtained, highlighting that the detected strains were part of a so defined “fox only” clade, which suggests that, despite common contact opportunities, Alps foxes are not involved in frequent transmission events to domestic dogs. Such genetic isolation could be at least partially attributed to some sort of independent evolution occurred in the foxes, leading to species barrier. Additionally, CanineCV strains in foxes from Italy were unexpectedly related to those previously identified in foxes from the United Kingdom and Scandinavian area. Combining the history of fox distribution in Europe since the last glacial maximum (LGM) with the viral history allowed us to speculate a long-standing coexistence between European canine circovirus and this host, justifying the peculiar geographic distribution and evolutionary paths of the fox infecting clade.
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spelling pubmed-84002582021-08-29 Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin? Franzo, Giovanni Menandro, Maria Luisa Tucciarone, Claudia Maria Barbierato, Giacomo Crovato, Lorenzo Mondin, Alessandra Libanora, Martina Obber, Federica Orusa, Riccardo Robetto, Serena Citterio, Carlo Grassi, Laura Pathogens Article Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a recently identified virus affecting both domestic and wild carnivores, including foxes, sometimes in presence of severe clinical signs. Its circulation in wild animals can thus represent a potential threat for endangered species conservation and an infection source for dogs. Nevertheless, no data were available on its circulation in the Alps region of Northern Italy. In the present study, samples collected from 186 foxes in the period 2009–2020 from Valle d’Aosta and Veneto regions were tested using a real-time PCR assay, demonstrating a viral circulation of approximatively 2–5%, depending on the considered regions. Two complete or almost complete genome sequences were obtained, highlighting that the detected strains were part of a so defined “fox only” clade, which suggests that, despite common contact opportunities, Alps foxes are not involved in frequent transmission events to domestic dogs. Such genetic isolation could be at least partially attributed to some sort of independent evolution occurred in the foxes, leading to species barrier. Additionally, CanineCV strains in foxes from Italy were unexpectedly related to those previously identified in foxes from the United Kingdom and Scandinavian area. Combining the history of fox distribution in Europe since the last glacial maximum (LGM) with the viral history allowed us to speculate a long-standing coexistence between European canine circovirus and this host, justifying the peculiar geographic distribution and evolutionary paths of the fox infecting clade. MDPI 2021-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8400258/ /pubmed/34451466 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081002 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Franzo, Giovanni
Menandro, Maria Luisa
Tucciarone, Claudia Maria
Barbierato, Giacomo
Crovato, Lorenzo
Mondin, Alessandra
Libanora, Martina
Obber, Federica
Orusa, Riccardo
Robetto, Serena
Citterio, Carlo
Grassi, Laura
Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin?
title Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin?
title_full Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin?
title_fullStr Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin?
title_full_unstemmed Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin?
title_short Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin?
title_sort canine circovirus in foxes from northern italy: where did it all begin?
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8400258/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34451466
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081002
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