Cargando…

Pragmatic Strategy for Fecal Specimen Storage and the Corresponding Test Methods for Clostridioides difficile Diagnosis

The quality of fecal specimens is one of the factors responsible for successful Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) diagnosis. The quality depends largely on the storage conditions, including the temperature and time period. In this study, we organized the outputs of previous studies, filled ex...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nho, Seong Won, Kim, Minjae, Kim, Seong-Jae, Foley, Steven L., Nayak, Rajesh, Kweon, Ohgew, Cerniglia, Carl E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8400358/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34451512
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081049
_version_ 1783745296665149440
author Nho, Seong Won
Kim, Minjae
Kim, Seong-Jae
Foley, Steven L.
Nayak, Rajesh
Kweon, Ohgew
Cerniglia, Carl E.
author_facet Nho, Seong Won
Kim, Minjae
Kim, Seong-Jae
Foley, Steven L.
Nayak, Rajesh
Kweon, Ohgew
Cerniglia, Carl E.
author_sort Nho, Seong Won
collection PubMed
description The quality of fecal specimens is one of the factors responsible for successful Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) diagnosis. The quality depends largely on the storage conditions, including the temperature and time period. In this study, we organized the outputs of previous studies, filled experimental gaps in the knowledge of storage conditions, and introduced a pragmatic strategy for fecal storage for CDI diagnosis. A 5-step pathway was adopted to develop the fecal specimen storage strategy as follows: step 1, bibliomic analysis; step 2, experimental gap-filling; step 3, comparative evaluation; step 4, strategy development; step 5, internal review. Step 1 identified eight articles providing experimental information on the effects of fecal specimen storage conditions on the effectiveness of C. difficile detection methods. Step 2 provided additional quantitative data on C. difficile vegetative and spore cell viability and DNA stability. All previous and current results were compared (step 3). In step 4, fir general and nine special strategies were developed, followed by an internal review of the overall approaches (step 5). It is recommended to separate fecal samples into aliquots before testing and storing them. It is particularly recommended that fecal specimen samples be stored for CDI diagnosis at 4 °C for up to 60 days for all test methods.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8400358
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-84003582021-08-29 Pragmatic Strategy for Fecal Specimen Storage and the Corresponding Test Methods for Clostridioides difficile Diagnosis Nho, Seong Won Kim, Minjae Kim, Seong-Jae Foley, Steven L. Nayak, Rajesh Kweon, Ohgew Cerniglia, Carl E. Pathogens Article The quality of fecal specimens is one of the factors responsible for successful Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) diagnosis. The quality depends largely on the storage conditions, including the temperature and time period. In this study, we organized the outputs of previous studies, filled experimental gaps in the knowledge of storage conditions, and introduced a pragmatic strategy for fecal storage for CDI diagnosis. A 5-step pathway was adopted to develop the fecal specimen storage strategy as follows: step 1, bibliomic analysis; step 2, experimental gap-filling; step 3, comparative evaluation; step 4, strategy development; step 5, internal review. Step 1 identified eight articles providing experimental information on the effects of fecal specimen storage conditions on the effectiveness of C. difficile detection methods. Step 2 provided additional quantitative data on C. difficile vegetative and spore cell viability and DNA stability. All previous and current results were compared (step 3). In step 4, fir general and nine special strategies were developed, followed by an internal review of the overall approaches (step 5). It is recommended to separate fecal samples into aliquots before testing and storing them. It is particularly recommended that fecal specimen samples be stored for CDI diagnosis at 4 °C for up to 60 days for all test methods. MDPI 2021-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8400358/ /pubmed/34451512 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081049 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nho, Seong Won
Kim, Minjae
Kim, Seong-Jae
Foley, Steven L.
Nayak, Rajesh
Kweon, Ohgew
Cerniglia, Carl E.
Pragmatic Strategy for Fecal Specimen Storage and the Corresponding Test Methods for Clostridioides difficile Diagnosis
title Pragmatic Strategy for Fecal Specimen Storage and the Corresponding Test Methods for Clostridioides difficile Diagnosis
title_full Pragmatic Strategy for Fecal Specimen Storage and the Corresponding Test Methods for Clostridioides difficile Diagnosis
title_fullStr Pragmatic Strategy for Fecal Specimen Storage and the Corresponding Test Methods for Clostridioides difficile Diagnosis
title_full_unstemmed Pragmatic Strategy for Fecal Specimen Storage and the Corresponding Test Methods for Clostridioides difficile Diagnosis
title_short Pragmatic Strategy for Fecal Specimen Storage and the Corresponding Test Methods for Clostridioides difficile Diagnosis
title_sort pragmatic strategy for fecal specimen storage and the corresponding test methods for clostridioides difficile diagnosis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8400358/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34451512
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081049
work_keys_str_mv AT nhoseongwon pragmaticstrategyforfecalspecimenstorageandthecorrespondingtestmethodsforclostridioidesdifficilediagnosis
AT kimminjae pragmaticstrategyforfecalspecimenstorageandthecorrespondingtestmethodsforclostridioidesdifficilediagnosis
AT kimseongjae pragmaticstrategyforfecalspecimenstorageandthecorrespondingtestmethodsforclostridioidesdifficilediagnosis
AT foleystevenl pragmaticstrategyforfecalspecimenstorageandthecorrespondingtestmethodsforclostridioidesdifficilediagnosis
AT nayakrajesh pragmaticstrategyforfecalspecimenstorageandthecorrespondingtestmethodsforclostridioidesdifficilediagnosis
AT kweonohgew pragmaticstrategyforfecalspecimenstorageandthecorrespondingtestmethodsforclostridioidesdifficilediagnosis
AT cernigliacarle pragmaticstrategyforfecalspecimenstorageandthecorrespondingtestmethodsforclostridioidesdifficilediagnosis