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Electro-Persulfate Processes for the Treatment of Complex Wastewater Matrices: Present and Future
Complex wastewater matrices present a major environmental concern. Besides the biodegradable organics, they may contain a great variety of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and other xenobiotics. The electrochemically activated persulfate process, an efficient way to generate sulfate radicals, has been...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8401330/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34443408 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164821 |
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author | Fernandes, Annabel Nunes, Maria João Rodrigues, Ana Sofia Pacheco, Maria José Ciríaco, Lurdes Lopes, Ana |
author_facet | Fernandes, Annabel Nunes, Maria João Rodrigues, Ana Sofia Pacheco, Maria José Ciríaco, Lurdes Lopes, Ana |
author_sort | Fernandes, Annabel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Complex wastewater matrices present a major environmental concern. Besides the biodegradable organics, they may contain a great variety of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and other xenobiotics. The electrochemically activated persulfate process, an efficient way to generate sulfate radicals, has been widely applied to the degradation of such complex effluents with very good results. This review presents the fundamentals of the electro-persulfate processes, highlighting the advantages and limitations, followed by an exhaustive evaluation on the application of this process for the treatment of complex industrial effluents. An overview of the main relevant experimental parameters/details and their influence on the organic load removal is presented and discussed, having in mind the application of these technologies at an industrial scale. Finally, the future perspectives for the application of the electro-persulfate processes in the treatment of complex wastewater matrices is outlined. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8401330 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84013302021-08-29 Electro-Persulfate Processes for the Treatment of Complex Wastewater Matrices: Present and Future Fernandes, Annabel Nunes, Maria João Rodrigues, Ana Sofia Pacheco, Maria José Ciríaco, Lurdes Lopes, Ana Molecules Review Complex wastewater matrices present a major environmental concern. Besides the biodegradable organics, they may contain a great variety of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and other xenobiotics. The electrochemically activated persulfate process, an efficient way to generate sulfate radicals, has been widely applied to the degradation of such complex effluents with very good results. This review presents the fundamentals of the electro-persulfate processes, highlighting the advantages and limitations, followed by an exhaustive evaluation on the application of this process for the treatment of complex industrial effluents. An overview of the main relevant experimental parameters/details and their influence on the organic load removal is presented and discussed, having in mind the application of these technologies at an industrial scale. Finally, the future perspectives for the application of the electro-persulfate processes in the treatment of complex wastewater matrices is outlined. MDPI 2021-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8401330/ /pubmed/34443408 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164821 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Fernandes, Annabel Nunes, Maria João Rodrigues, Ana Sofia Pacheco, Maria José Ciríaco, Lurdes Lopes, Ana Electro-Persulfate Processes for the Treatment of Complex Wastewater Matrices: Present and Future |
title | Electro-Persulfate Processes for the Treatment of Complex Wastewater Matrices: Present and Future |
title_full | Electro-Persulfate Processes for the Treatment of Complex Wastewater Matrices: Present and Future |
title_fullStr | Electro-Persulfate Processes for the Treatment of Complex Wastewater Matrices: Present and Future |
title_full_unstemmed | Electro-Persulfate Processes for the Treatment of Complex Wastewater Matrices: Present and Future |
title_short | Electro-Persulfate Processes for the Treatment of Complex Wastewater Matrices: Present and Future |
title_sort | electro-persulfate processes for the treatment of complex wastewater matrices: present and future |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8401330/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34443408 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164821 |
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