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The Nephroprotective Effect of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruits in a Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model in Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation

Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) (Z. lotus) is a medicinal plant largely distributed all over the Mediterranean basin and is traditionally used by Moroccan people to treat many illnesses, including kidney failure. The nephrotoxicity of gentamicin (GM) has been well documented in humans and animals, althoug...

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Autores principales: Bencheikh, Noureddine, Bouhrim, Mohamed, Kharchoufa, Loubna, Al Kamaly, Omkulthom Mohamed, Mechchate, Hamza, Es-safi, Imane, Dahmani, Ahmed, Ouahhoud, Sabir, El Assri, Soufiane, Eto, Bruno, Bnouham, Mohamed, Choukri, Mohammed, Elachouri, Mostafa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8401527/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34443393
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164806
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author Bencheikh, Noureddine
Bouhrim, Mohamed
Kharchoufa, Loubna
Al Kamaly, Omkulthom Mohamed
Mechchate, Hamza
Es-safi, Imane
Dahmani, Ahmed
Ouahhoud, Sabir
El Assri, Soufiane
Eto, Bruno
Bnouham, Mohamed
Choukri, Mohammed
Elachouri, Mostafa
author_facet Bencheikh, Noureddine
Bouhrim, Mohamed
Kharchoufa, Loubna
Al Kamaly, Omkulthom Mohamed
Mechchate, Hamza
Es-safi, Imane
Dahmani, Ahmed
Ouahhoud, Sabir
El Assri, Soufiane
Eto, Bruno
Bnouham, Mohamed
Choukri, Mohammed
Elachouri, Mostafa
author_sort Bencheikh, Noureddine
collection PubMed
description Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) (Z. lotus) is a medicinal plant largely distributed all over the Mediterranean basin and is traditionally used by Moroccan people to treat many illnesses, including kidney failure. The nephrotoxicity of gentamicin (GM) has been well documented in humans and animals, although the preventive strategies against it remain to be studied. In this investigation, we explore whether the extract of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruit (ZLF) exhibits a protective effect against renal damage produced by GM. Indeed, twenty-four Wistar rats were separated into four equal groups of six each (♂/♀ = 1). The control group was treated orally with distilled water (10 mL/kg); the GM treated group received distilled water (10 mL/kg) and an intraperitoneal injection of GM (80 mg/kg) 3 h after; and the treated groups received ZLF extract orally at the doses 200 or 400 mg/kg and injected intraperitoneally with the GM. All treatments were given daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the biochemical parameters and the histological observation related the kidney function was explored. ZLF treatment has significantly attenuated the nephrotoxicity induced by the GM. This effect was indicated by its capacity to decrease significantly the serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, albumin, calcium, sodium amounts, water intake, urinary volume, and relative kidney weight. In addition, this effect was also shown by the increase in the creatinine clearance, urinary creatinine, uric acid, and urea levels, weight gain, compared to the rats treated only with the GM. The hemostasis of oxidants/antioxidants has been significantly improved with the treatment of ZLF extract, which was shown by a significant reduction in malondialdehydes levels. Histopathological analysis of renal tissue was correlated with biochemical observation. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD showed that the aqueous extract of ZLF is rich in phenolic compounds such as 3-hydroxycinnamic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, hydroxytyrosol, naringenin, p- coumaric Acid, quercetin, rutin, and vanillic acid. In conclusion, ZLF extract improved the nephrotoxicity induced by GM, through the improvement of the biochemical and histological parameters and thus validates its ethnomedicinal use.
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spelling pubmed-84015272021-08-29 The Nephroprotective Effect of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruits in a Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model in Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation Bencheikh, Noureddine Bouhrim, Mohamed Kharchoufa, Loubna Al Kamaly, Omkulthom Mohamed Mechchate, Hamza Es-safi, Imane Dahmani, Ahmed Ouahhoud, Sabir El Assri, Soufiane Eto, Bruno Bnouham, Mohamed Choukri, Mohammed Elachouri, Mostafa Molecules Article Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) (Z. lotus) is a medicinal plant largely distributed all over the Mediterranean basin and is traditionally used by Moroccan people to treat many illnesses, including kidney failure. The nephrotoxicity of gentamicin (GM) has been well documented in humans and animals, although the preventive strategies against it remain to be studied. In this investigation, we explore whether the extract of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruit (ZLF) exhibits a protective effect against renal damage produced by GM. Indeed, twenty-four Wistar rats were separated into four equal groups of six each (♂/♀ = 1). The control group was treated orally with distilled water (10 mL/kg); the GM treated group received distilled water (10 mL/kg) and an intraperitoneal injection of GM (80 mg/kg) 3 h after; and the treated groups received ZLF extract orally at the doses 200 or 400 mg/kg and injected intraperitoneally with the GM. All treatments were given daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the biochemical parameters and the histological observation related the kidney function was explored. ZLF treatment has significantly attenuated the nephrotoxicity induced by the GM. This effect was indicated by its capacity to decrease significantly the serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, albumin, calcium, sodium amounts, water intake, urinary volume, and relative kidney weight. In addition, this effect was also shown by the increase in the creatinine clearance, urinary creatinine, uric acid, and urea levels, weight gain, compared to the rats treated only with the GM. The hemostasis of oxidants/antioxidants has been significantly improved with the treatment of ZLF extract, which was shown by a significant reduction in malondialdehydes levels. Histopathological analysis of renal tissue was correlated with biochemical observation. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD showed that the aqueous extract of ZLF is rich in phenolic compounds such as 3-hydroxycinnamic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, hydroxytyrosol, naringenin, p- coumaric Acid, quercetin, rutin, and vanillic acid. In conclusion, ZLF extract improved the nephrotoxicity induced by GM, through the improvement of the biochemical and histological parameters and thus validates its ethnomedicinal use. MDPI 2021-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8401527/ /pubmed/34443393 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164806 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bencheikh, Noureddine
Bouhrim, Mohamed
Kharchoufa, Loubna
Al Kamaly, Omkulthom Mohamed
Mechchate, Hamza
Es-safi, Imane
Dahmani, Ahmed
Ouahhoud, Sabir
El Assri, Soufiane
Eto, Bruno
Bnouham, Mohamed
Choukri, Mohammed
Elachouri, Mostafa
The Nephroprotective Effect of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruits in a Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model in Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation
title The Nephroprotective Effect of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruits in a Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model in Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation
title_full The Nephroprotective Effect of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruits in a Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model in Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation
title_fullStr The Nephroprotective Effect of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruits in a Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model in Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation
title_full_unstemmed The Nephroprotective Effect of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruits in a Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model in Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation
title_short The Nephroprotective Effect of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruits in a Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model in Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation
title_sort nephroprotective effect of zizyphus lotus l. (desf.) fruits in a gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury model in rats: a biochemical and histopathological investigation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8401527/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34443393
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164806
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