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Multi-Objective Optimization and Performance Characterization of Asphalt Modified by Nanocomposite Flame-Retardant Based on Response Surface Methodology
In order to improve the safety of the tunnel asphalt pavement in the event of a fire, and reduce the deterioration of the low temperature crack resistance of the asphalt by the flame retardant. The research uses aluminum hydroxide (ATH) as a smoke suppressant, diethyl aluminum hypophosphite (ADP) as...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8401833/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34442897 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164367 |
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author | Li, Jiaqi He, Zhaoyi Yu, Le He, Lian Shen, Zuzhen |
author_facet | Li, Jiaqi He, Zhaoyi Yu, Le He, Lian Shen, Zuzhen |
author_sort | Li, Jiaqi |
collection | PubMed |
description | In order to improve the safety of the tunnel asphalt pavement in the event of a fire, and reduce the deterioration of the low temperature crack resistance of the asphalt by the flame retardant. The research uses aluminum hydroxide (ATH) as a smoke suppressant, diethyl aluminum hypophosphite (ADP) as a flame retardant, and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as a synergist to modified styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) modified asphalt (MA). First, the content of ATH, ADP, and HNTs was used as the response variable. The physical properties (Penetration, Softening point, Ductility) and static flame retardant properties (Limiting oxygen index meter, Ignition point) of the asphalt modified by nanocomposite flame-retardant (HNTs-CFRMA) were the response variables. The response surface methodology was used to design the test, and regression models were established to analyze the influence of flame retardants on the performance of asphalt. Then, comprehensively considering the effects of physical properties and flame retardant properties, the normalized desirability function was used to perform a multi-objective optimization design on the components of the nanocomposite flame retardant modifier to obtain the best flame retardant formula. Finally, the rheological properties of MA, conventional flame-retardant modified asphalt (CFRMA), and HNTs-CFRMA were tested based on Dynamic shear rheometer, Multiple stress creep test, Force ductility tester, and Bending beam rheometer. The performance of flame-retardant and smoke suppression were tested by the Cone calorimeter tests. The result shows that ATH, ADP, and HNTs can enhance the high temperature performance of asphalt, reduce the penetration. The addition of HNTs can increase significantly the softening point and reduce the deteriorating effect of flame retardants on the low temperature performance of asphalt; the addition of ATH and HNTs can improve significantly the flame retardancy of asphalt. Based on the desirability function of power exponent, the formulation of the nanocomposite flame retardant with better physical properties and flame retardant properties is ATH:ADP:HNTs = 3:5:1, and the total content is 9 wt%. Nanocomposite flame retardants can improve obviously the high temperature rheological properties of asphalt. The rutting factor and the cracking factor of HNTs-CFRMA improve markedly, and the irrecoverable creep compliance is reduced, compared with MA and CFRMA. Nanocomposite flame retardant can make up for the deterioration of conventional flame retardants on asphalt’s low temperature performance. At the same time, it has better flame-retardant performance and smoke suppression performance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8401833 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84018332021-08-29 Multi-Objective Optimization and Performance Characterization of Asphalt Modified by Nanocomposite Flame-Retardant Based on Response Surface Methodology Li, Jiaqi He, Zhaoyi Yu, Le He, Lian Shen, Zuzhen Materials (Basel) Article In order to improve the safety of the tunnel asphalt pavement in the event of a fire, and reduce the deterioration of the low temperature crack resistance of the asphalt by the flame retardant. The research uses aluminum hydroxide (ATH) as a smoke suppressant, diethyl aluminum hypophosphite (ADP) as a flame retardant, and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as a synergist to modified styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) modified asphalt (MA). First, the content of ATH, ADP, and HNTs was used as the response variable. The physical properties (Penetration, Softening point, Ductility) and static flame retardant properties (Limiting oxygen index meter, Ignition point) of the asphalt modified by nanocomposite flame-retardant (HNTs-CFRMA) were the response variables. The response surface methodology was used to design the test, and regression models were established to analyze the influence of flame retardants on the performance of asphalt. Then, comprehensively considering the effects of physical properties and flame retardant properties, the normalized desirability function was used to perform a multi-objective optimization design on the components of the nanocomposite flame retardant modifier to obtain the best flame retardant formula. Finally, the rheological properties of MA, conventional flame-retardant modified asphalt (CFRMA), and HNTs-CFRMA were tested based on Dynamic shear rheometer, Multiple stress creep test, Force ductility tester, and Bending beam rheometer. The performance of flame-retardant and smoke suppression were tested by the Cone calorimeter tests. The result shows that ATH, ADP, and HNTs can enhance the high temperature performance of asphalt, reduce the penetration. The addition of HNTs can increase significantly the softening point and reduce the deteriorating effect of flame retardants on the low temperature performance of asphalt; the addition of ATH and HNTs can improve significantly the flame retardancy of asphalt. Based on the desirability function of power exponent, the formulation of the nanocomposite flame retardant with better physical properties and flame retardant properties is ATH:ADP:HNTs = 3:5:1, and the total content is 9 wt%. Nanocomposite flame retardants can improve obviously the high temperature rheological properties of asphalt. The rutting factor and the cracking factor of HNTs-CFRMA improve markedly, and the irrecoverable creep compliance is reduced, compared with MA and CFRMA. Nanocomposite flame retardant can make up for the deterioration of conventional flame retardants on asphalt’s low temperature performance. At the same time, it has better flame-retardant performance and smoke suppression performance. MDPI 2021-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8401833/ /pubmed/34442897 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164367 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Li, Jiaqi He, Zhaoyi Yu, Le He, Lian Shen, Zuzhen Multi-Objective Optimization and Performance Characterization of Asphalt Modified by Nanocomposite Flame-Retardant Based on Response Surface Methodology |
title | Multi-Objective Optimization and Performance Characterization of Asphalt Modified by Nanocomposite Flame-Retardant Based on Response Surface Methodology |
title_full | Multi-Objective Optimization and Performance Characterization of Asphalt Modified by Nanocomposite Flame-Retardant Based on Response Surface Methodology |
title_fullStr | Multi-Objective Optimization and Performance Characterization of Asphalt Modified by Nanocomposite Flame-Retardant Based on Response Surface Methodology |
title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Objective Optimization and Performance Characterization of Asphalt Modified by Nanocomposite Flame-Retardant Based on Response Surface Methodology |
title_short | Multi-Objective Optimization and Performance Characterization of Asphalt Modified by Nanocomposite Flame-Retardant Based on Response Surface Methodology |
title_sort | multi-objective optimization and performance characterization of asphalt modified by nanocomposite flame-retardant based on response surface methodology |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8401833/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34442897 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164367 |
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