Fundamental Aspects and Comprehensive Review on Physical Properties of Chemically Grown Tin-Based Binary Sulfides

The rapid research progress in tin-based binary sulfides (Sn(x)S(y) = o-SnS, c-SnS, SnS(2), and Sn(2)S(3)) by the solution process has opened a new path not only for photovoltaics to generate clean energy at ultra-low costs but also for photocatalytic and thermoelectric applications. Fascinated by their prosperous developments, a fundamental understanding of the Sn(x)S(y) thin film growth with respect to the deposition parameters is necessary to enhance the film quality and device performance. Therefore, the present review article initially delivers all-inclusive information such as structural characteristics, optical characteristics, and electrical characteristics of Sn(x)S(y). Next, an overview of the chemical bath deposition of Sn(x)S(y) thin films and the influence of each deposition parameter on the growth and physical properties of Sn(x)S(y) are interestingly outlined.