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Differential Inductive Sensing System for Truly Contactless Measuring of Liquids′ Electromagnetic Properties in Tubing
Certain applications require a contactless measurement to eliminate the risk of sensor-induced sample contamination. Examples can be found in chemical process control, biotechnology or medical technology. For instance, in critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy, continuous in-lin...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402242/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34450977 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165535 |
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author | Berger, Marc Zygmanowski, Anne Zimmermann, Stefan |
author_facet | Berger, Marc Zygmanowski, Anne Zimmermann, Stefan |
author_sort | Berger, Marc |
collection | PubMed |
description | Certain applications require a contactless measurement to eliminate the risk of sensor-induced sample contamination. Examples can be found in chemical process control, biotechnology or medical technology. For instance, in critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy, continuous in-line monitoring of blood conductivity as a measure for sodium should be considered. A differential inductive sensing system based on a differential transformer using a specific flow chamber has already proven suitable for this application. However, since the blood in renal replacement therapy is carried in plastic tubing, a direct measurement through the tubing offers a contactless method. Therefore, in this work we present a differential transformer for measuring directly through electrically non-conductive tubing by winding the tube around the ferrite core of the transformer. Here, the dependence of the winding type and the number of turns of the tubing on the sensitivity has been analyzed by using a mathematical model, simulations and experimental validation. A maximum sensitivity of 364.9 mV/mol/L is measured for radial winding around the core. A longitudinal winding turns out to be less effective with 92.8 mV/mol/L. However, the findings prove the ability to use the differential transformer as a truly contactless sensing system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8402242 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84022422021-08-29 Differential Inductive Sensing System for Truly Contactless Measuring of Liquids′ Electromagnetic Properties in Tubing Berger, Marc Zygmanowski, Anne Zimmermann, Stefan Sensors (Basel) Article Certain applications require a contactless measurement to eliminate the risk of sensor-induced sample contamination. Examples can be found in chemical process control, biotechnology or medical technology. For instance, in critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy, continuous in-line monitoring of blood conductivity as a measure for sodium should be considered. A differential inductive sensing system based on a differential transformer using a specific flow chamber has already proven suitable for this application. However, since the blood in renal replacement therapy is carried in plastic tubing, a direct measurement through the tubing offers a contactless method. Therefore, in this work we present a differential transformer for measuring directly through electrically non-conductive tubing by winding the tube around the ferrite core of the transformer. Here, the dependence of the winding type and the number of turns of the tubing on the sensitivity has been analyzed by using a mathematical model, simulations and experimental validation. A maximum sensitivity of 364.9 mV/mol/L is measured for radial winding around the core. A longitudinal winding turns out to be less effective with 92.8 mV/mol/L. However, the findings prove the ability to use the differential transformer as a truly contactless sensing system. MDPI 2021-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8402242/ /pubmed/34450977 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165535 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Berger, Marc Zygmanowski, Anne Zimmermann, Stefan Differential Inductive Sensing System for Truly Contactless Measuring of Liquids′ Electromagnetic Properties in Tubing |
title | Differential Inductive Sensing System for Truly Contactless Measuring of Liquids′ Electromagnetic Properties in Tubing |
title_full | Differential Inductive Sensing System for Truly Contactless Measuring of Liquids′ Electromagnetic Properties in Tubing |
title_fullStr | Differential Inductive Sensing System for Truly Contactless Measuring of Liquids′ Electromagnetic Properties in Tubing |
title_full_unstemmed | Differential Inductive Sensing System for Truly Contactless Measuring of Liquids′ Electromagnetic Properties in Tubing |
title_short | Differential Inductive Sensing System for Truly Contactless Measuring of Liquids′ Electromagnetic Properties in Tubing |
title_sort | differential inductive sensing system for truly contactless measuring of liquids′ electromagnetic properties in tubing |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402242/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34450977 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165535 |
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