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Probiotics as Adjuvants in Vaccine Strategy: Is There More Room for Improvement?

Background. It has been recognized that microbiota plays a key role in shaping immune system maturation and activity. Since probiotic administration influences the microbiota composition and acts as a biological response modifier, the efficacy of an adjuvant for boosting vaccine-specific immunity is...

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Autores principales: Peroni, Diego Giampietro, Morelli, Lorenzo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402414/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34451936
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080811
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author Peroni, Diego Giampietro
Morelli, Lorenzo
author_facet Peroni, Diego Giampietro
Morelli, Lorenzo
author_sort Peroni, Diego Giampietro
collection PubMed
description Background. It has been recognized that microbiota plays a key role in shaping immune system maturation and activity. Since probiotic administration influences the microbiota composition and acts as a biological response modifier, the efficacy of an adjuvant for boosting vaccine-specific immunity is investigated. Methods. A review of the literature was performed, starting from the mechanisms to laboratory and clinical evidence. Results. The mechanisms, and in vitro and animal models provide biological plausibility for microbiota use. Probiotics have been investigated as adjuvants in farm conditions and as models to understand their potential in human vaccinations with promising results. In human studies, although probiotics were effective in ameliorating seroconversion to vaccines for influenza, rotavirus and other micro-organisms, the results for clinical use are still controversial, especially in particular settings, such as during the last trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion. Although this topic remains controversial, the use of probiotics as adjuvant factors in vaccination represents a strategic key for different applications. The available data are deeply influenced by heterogeneity among studies in terms of strains, timing and duration of administration, and patients. Although these do not allow us to draw definitive conclusions, probiotics as adjuvants in vaccination should be considered in future studies, especially in the elderly and in children, where vaccine effectiveness and duration of immunization really matter.
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spelling pubmed-84024142021-08-29 Probiotics as Adjuvants in Vaccine Strategy: Is There More Room for Improvement? Peroni, Diego Giampietro Morelli, Lorenzo Vaccines (Basel) Review Background. It has been recognized that microbiota plays a key role in shaping immune system maturation and activity. Since probiotic administration influences the microbiota composition and acts as a biological response modifier, the efficacy of an adjuvant for boosting vaccine-specific immunity is investigated. Methods. A review of the literature was performed, starting from the mechanisms to laboratory and clinical evidence. Results. The mechanisms, and in vitro and animal models provide biological plausibility for microbiota use. Probiotics have been investigated as adjuvants in farm conditions and as models to understand their potential in human vaccinations with promising results. In human studies, although probiotics were effective in ameliorating seroconversion to vaccines for influenza, rotavirus and other micro-organisms, the results for clinical use are still controversial, especially in particular settings, such as during the last trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion. Although this topic remains controversial, the use of probiotics as adjuvant factors in vaccination represents a strategic key for different applications. The available data are deeply influenced by heterogeneity among studies in terms of strains, timing and duration of administration, and patients. Although these do not allow us to draw definitive conclusions, probiotics as adjuvants in vaccination should be considered in future studies, especially in the elderly and in children, where vaccine effectiveness and duration of immunization really matter. MDPI 2021-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8402414/ /pubmed/34451936 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080811 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Peroni, Diego Giampietro
Morelli, Lorenzo
Probiotics as Adjuvants in Vaccine Strategy: Is There More Room for Improvement?
title Probiotics as Adjuvants in Vaccine Strategy: Is There More Room for Improvement?
title_full Probiotics as Adjuvants in Vaccine Strategy: Is There More Room for Improvement?
title_fullStr Probiotics as Adjuvants in Vaccine Strategy: Is There More Room for Improvement?
title_full_unstemmed Probiotics as Adjuvants in Vaccine Strategy: Is There More Room for Improvement?
title_short Probiotics as Adjuvants in Vaccine Strategy: Is There More Room for Improvement?
title_sort probiotics as adjuvants in vaccine strategy: is there more room for improvement?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402414/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34451936
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080811
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