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Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Coronado Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri caliginis) Venom and Antivenom Neutralization

The Baja California Peninsula has over 250 islands and islets with many endemic species. Among them, rattlesnakes are the most numerous but also one of the least studied groups. The study of island rattlesnake venom could guide us to a better understanding of evolutionary processes and the descripti...

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Autores principales: Franco-Servín, Cristian, Neri-Castro, Edgar, Bénard-Valle, Melisa, Alagón, Alejandro, Rosales-García, Ramsés Alejandro, Guerrero-Alba, Raquel, Poblano-Sánchez, José Emanuel, Silva-Briano, Marcelo, Guerrero-Barrera, Alma Lilián, Sigala-Rodríguez, José Jesús
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402616/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34437453
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080582
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author Franco-Servín, Cristian
Neri-Castro, Edgar
Bénard-Valle, Melisa
Alagón, Alejandro
Rosales-García, Ramsés Alejandro
Guerrero-Alba, Raquel
Poblano-Sánchez, José Emanuel
Silva-Briano, Marcelo
Guerrero-Barrera, Alma Lilián
Sigala-Rodríguez, José Jesús
author_facet Franco-Servín, Cristian
Neri-Castro, Edgar
Bénard-Valle, Melisa
Alagón, Alejandro
Rosales-García, Ramsés Alejandro
Guerrero-Alba, Raquel
Poblano-Sánchez, José Emanuel
Silva-Briano, Marcelo
Guerrero-Barrera, Alma Lilián
Sigala-Rodríguez, José Jesús
author_sort Franco-Servín, Cristian
collection PubMed
description The Baja California Peninsula has over 250 islands and islets with many endemic species. Among them, rattlesnakes are the most numerous but also one of the least studied groups. The study of island rattlesnake venom could guide us to a better understanding of evolutionary processes and the description of novel toxins. Crotalus helleri caliginis venom samples were analyzed to determine possible ontogenetic variation with SDS-PAGE in one and two dimensions and with RP-HPLC. Western Blot, ELISA, and amino-terminal sequencing were used to determine the main components of the venom. The biological and biochemical activities demonstrate the similarity of C. helleri caliginis venom to the continental species C. helleri helleri, with both having low proteolytic and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity but differing due to the absence of neurotoxin (crotoxin-like) in the insular species. The main components of the snake venom were metalloproteases, serine proteases, and crotamine, which was the most abundant toxin group (30–35% of full venom). The crotamine was isolated using size-exclusion chromatography where its functional effects were tested on mouse phrenic nerve–hemidiaphragm preparations in which a significant reduction in muscle twitch contractions were observed. The two Mexican antivenoms could neutralize the lethality of C. helleri caliginis venom but not the crotamine effects.
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spelling pubmed-84026162021-08-29 Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Coronado Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri caliginis) Venom and Antivenom Neutralization Franco-Servín, Cristian Neri-Castro, Edgar Bénard-Valle, Melisa Alagón, Alejandro Rosales-García, Ramsés Alejandro Guerrero-Alba, Raquel Poblano-Sánchez, José Emanuel Silva-Briano, Marcelo Guerrero-Barrera, Alma Lilián Sigala-Rodríguez, José Jesús Toxins (Basel) Article The Baja California Peninsula has over 250 islands and islets with many endemic species. Among them, rattlesnakes are the most numerous but also one of the least studied groups. The study of island rattlesnake venom could guide us to a better understanding of evolutionary processes and the description of novel toxins. Crotalus helleri caliginis venom samples were analyzed to determine possible ontogenetic variation with SDS-PAGE in one and two dimensions and with RP-HPLC. Western Blot, ELISA, and amino-terminal sequencing were used to determine the main components of the venom. The biological and biochemical activities demonstrate the similarity of C. helleri caliginis venom to the continental species C. helleri helleri, with both having low proteolytic and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity but differing due to the absence of neurotoxin (crotoxin-like) in the insular species. The main components of the snake venom were metalloproteases, serine proteases, and crotamine, which was the most abundant toxin group (30–35% of full venom). The crotamine was isolated using size-exclusion chromatography where its functional effects were tested on mouse phrenic nerve–hemidiaphragm preparations in which a significant reduction in muscle twitch contractions were observed. The two Mexican antivenoms could neutralize the lethality of C. helleri caliginis venom but not the crotamine effects. MDPI 2021-08-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8402616/ /pubmed/34437453 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080582 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Franco-Servín, Cristian
Neri-Castro, Edgar
Bénard-Valle, Melisa
Alagón, Alejandro
Rosales-García, Ramsés Alejandro
Guerrero-Alba, Raquel
Poblano-Sánchez, José Emanuel
Silva-Briano, Marcelo
Guerrero-Barrera, Alma Lilián
Sigala-Rodríguez, José Jesús
Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Coronado Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri caliginis) Venom and Antivenom Neutralization
title Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Coronado Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri caliginis) Venom and Antivenom Neutralization
title_full Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Coronado Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri caliginis) Venom and Antivenom Neutralization
title_fullStr Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Coronado Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri caliginis) Venom and Antivenom Neutralization
title_full_unstemmed Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Coronado Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri caliginis) Venom and Antivenom Neutralization
title_short Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Coronado Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri caliginis) Venom and Antivenom Neutralization
title_sort biological and biochemical characterization of coronado island rattlesnake (crotalus helleri caliginis) venom and antivenom neutralization
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402616/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34437453
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080582
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