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Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds

Mini-FLOTAC (MF) has recently been proposed for the fecal quantification of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in birds due to its higher sensitivity and precision in comparison with the McMaster method. The current research aimed to test the use of MF in routine diagnosis of coccidia and helminth infe...

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Autores principales: Lozano, João, Almeida, Cristina, Victório, Ana Cláudia, Melo, Pedro, Rodrigues, João Paulo, Rinaldi, Laura, Cringoli, Giuseppe, Gomes, Lídia, Oliveira, Manuela, Paz-Silva, Adolfo, Madeira de Carvalho, Luís
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34437482
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8080160
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author Lozano, João
Almeida, Cristina
Victório, Ana Cláudia
Melo, Pedro
Rodrigues, João Paulo
Rinaldi, Laura
Cringoli, Giuseppe
Gomes, Lídia
Oliveira, Manuela
Paz-Silva, Adolfo
Madeira de Carvalho, Luís
author_facet Lozano, João
Almeida, Cristina
Victório, Ana Cláudia
Melo, Pedro
Rodrigues, João Paulo
Rinaldi, Laura
Cringoli, Giuseppe
Gomes, Lídia
Oliveira, Manuela
Paz-Silva, Adolfo
Madeira de Carvalho, Luís
author_sort Lozano, João
collection PubMed
description Mini-FLOTAC (MF) has recently been proposed for the fecal quantification of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in birds due to its higher sensitivity and precision in comparison with the McMaster method. The current research aimed to test the use of MF in routine diagnosis of coccidia and helminth infections in several domestic and exotic bird collections in Portugal. Between July 2020 and April 2021, a total of 142 fecal samples from organic layers, peacocks and ratites were collected in four Portuguese bird collections and processed using MF and fecal cultures to identify and calculate GI parasite shedding and prevalence. The McMaster method was also used to compare the shedding levels obtained for both quantitative techniques. MF’s relative sensitivity and specificity were also assessed, using McMaster as the reference technique. The implementation of MF resulted in an average Eimeria spp. shedding higher in peacocks from bird collection 2 (502 OPG), followed by peacocks from collection 1 (107 OPG) and organic layers (24 OPG) and peacocks from collection 3 (9 OPG). Peacocks were also positive for Capillaria spp., Trichostrongylus tenuis and Strongyloides pavonis, whereas ostriches and emus were infected by L. douglassii. The MF protocol for exotic animals and the McMaster method did not differ significantly for each parasitic agent and bird species, and MF achieved relative sensitivities and specificities higher than 70% for Galliform Eimeria spp., peacock helminths and ratites’ L. douglassii infections. Higher L. douglassii EPG values were identified using the MF protocol for exotic species (2 g of feces/38 mL of sucrose solution), followed by McMaster 2/28, MF 5/45 and MF 2/18. The use of MF allowed for obtaining different intestinal parasitic populations in several bird species and locations, and MF 2/38 is globally proposed as the most suitable protocol for bird fecal samples as an alternative to the McMaster method in the diagnosis of avian intestinal parasitic infections.
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spelling pubmed-84026322021-08-29 Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds Lozano, João Almeida, Cristina Victório, Ana Cláudia Melo, Pedro Rodrigues, João Paulo Rinaldi, Laura Cringoli, Giuseppe Gomes, Lídia Oliveira, Manuela Paz-Silva, Adolfo Madeira de Carvalho, Luís Vet Sci Article Mini-FLOTAC (MF) has recently been proposed for the fecal quantification of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in birds due to its higher sensitivity and precision in comparison with the McMaster method. The current research aimed to test the use of MF in routine diagnosis of coccidia and helminth infections in several domestic and exotic bird collections in Portugal. Between July 2020 and April 2021, a total of 142 fecal samples from organic layers, peacocks and ratites were collected in four Portuguese bird collections and processed using MF and fecal cultures to identify and calculate GI parasite shedding and prevalence. The McMaster method was also used to compare the shedding levels obtained for both quantitative techniques. MF’s relative sensitivity and specificity were also assessed, using McMaster as the reference technique. The implementation of MF resulted in an average Eimeria spp. shedding higher in peacocks from bird collection 2 (502 OPG), followed by peacocks from collection 1 (107 OPG) and organic layers (24 OPG) and peacocks from collection 3 (9 OPG). Peacocks were also positive for Capillaria spp., Trichostrongylus tenuis and Strongyloides pavonis, whereas ostriches and emus were infected by L. douglassii. The MF protocol for exotic animals and the McMaster method did not differ significantly for each parasitic agent and bird species, and MF achieved relative sensitivities and specificities higher than 70% for Galliform Eimeria spp., peacock helminths and ratites’ L. douglassii infections. Higher L. douglassii EPG values were identified using the MF protocol for exotic species (2 g of feces/38 mL of sucrose solution), followed by McMaster 2/28, MF 5/45 and MF 2/18. The use of MF allowed for obtaining different intestinal parasitic populations in several bird species and locations, and MF 2/38 is globally proposed as the most suitable protocol for bird fecal samples as an alternative to the McMaster method in the diagnosis of avian intestinal parasitic infections. MDPI 2021-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8402632/ /pubmed/34437482 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8080160 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lozano, João
Almeida, Cristina
Victório, Ana Cláudia
Melo, Pedro
Rodrigues, João Paulo
Rinaldi, Laura
Cringoli, Giuseppe
Gomes, Lídia
Oliveira, Manuela
Paz-Silva, Adolfo
Madeira de Carvalho, Luís
Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds
title Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds
title_full Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds
title_fullStr Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds
title_full_unstemmed Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds
title_short Implementation of Mini-FLOTAC in Routine Diagnosis of Coccidia and Helminth Infections in Domestic and Exotic Birds
title_sort implementation of mini-flotac in routine diagnosis of coccidia and helminth infections in domestic and exotic birds
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34437482
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8080160
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