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Common Themes in Zoonotic Spillover and Disease Emergence: Lessons Learned from Bat- and Rodent-Borne RNA Viruses
Rodents (order Rodentia), followed by bats (order Chiroptera), comprise the largest percentage of living mammals on earth. Thus, it is not surprising that these two orders account for many of the reservoirs of the zoonotic RNA viruses discovered to date. The spillover of these viruses from wildlife...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402684/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34452374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081509 |
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author | Williams, Evan P. Spruill-Harrell, Briana M. Taylor, Mariah K. Lee, Jasper Nywening, Ashley V. Yang, Zemin Nichols, Jacob H. Camp, Jeremy V. Owen, Robert D. Jonsson, Colleen B. |
author_facet | Williams, Evan P. Spruill-Harrell, Briana M. Taylor, Mariah K. Lee, Jasper Nywening, Ashley V. Yang, Zemin Nichols, Jacob H. Camp, Jeremy V. Owen, Robert D. Jonsson, Colleen B. |
author_sort | Williams, Evan P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Rodents (order Rodentia), followed by bats (order Chiroptera), comprise the largest percentage of living mammals on earth. Thus, it is not surprising that these two orders account for many of the reservoirs of the zoonotic RNA viruses discovered to date. The spillover of these viruses from wildlife to human do not typically result in pandemics but rather geographically confined outbreaks of human infection and disease. While limited geographically, these viruses cause thousands of cases of human disease each year. In this review, we focus on three questions regarding zoonotic viruses that originate in bats and rodents. First, what biological strategies have evolved that allow RNA viruses to reside in bats and rodents? Second, what are the environmental and ecological causes that drive viral spillover? Third, how does virus spillover occur from bats and rodents to humans? |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8402684 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84026842021-08-29 Common Themes in Zoonotic Spillover and Disease Emergence: Lessons Learned from Bat- and Rodent-Borne RNA Viruses Williams, Evan P. Spruill-Harrell, Briana M. Taylor, Mariah K. Lee, Jasper Nywening, Ashley V. Yang, Zemin Nichols, Jacob H. Camp, Jeremy V. Owen, Robert D. Jonsson, Colleen B. Viruses Review Rodents (order Rodentia), followed by bats (order Chiroptera), comprise the largest percentage of living mammals on earth. Thus, it is not surprising that these two orders account for many of the reservoirs of the zoonotic RNA viruses discovered to date. The spillover of these viruses from wildlife to human do not typically result in pandemics but rather geographically confined outbreaks of human infection and disease. While limited geographically, these viruses cause thousands of cases of human disease each year. In this review, we focus on three questions regarding zoonotic viruses that originate in bats and rodents. First, what biological strategies have evolved that allow RNA viruses to reside in bats and rodents? Second, what are the environmental and ecological causes that drive viral spillover? Third, how does virus spillover occur from bats and rodents to humans? MDPI 2021-07-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8402684/ /pubmed/34452374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081509 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Williams, Evan P. Spruill-Harrell, Briana M. Taylor, Mariah K. Lee, Jasper Nywening, Ashley V. Yang, Zemin Nichols, Jacob H. Camp, Jeremy V. Owen, Robert D. Jonsson, Colleen B. Common Themes in Zoonotic Spillover and Disease Emergence: Lessons Learned from Bat- and Rodent-Borne RNA Viruses |
title | Common Themes in Zoonotic Spillover and Disease Emergence: Lessons Learned from Bat- and Rodent-Borne RNA Viruses |
title_full | Common Themes in Zoonotic Spillover and Disease Emergence: Lessons Learned from Bat- and Rodent-Borne RNA Viruses |
title_fullStr | Common Themes in Zoonotic Spillover and Disease Emergence: Lessons Learned from Bat- and Rodent-Borne RNA Viruses |
title_full_unstemmed | Common Themes in Zoonotic Spillover and Disease Emergence: Lessons Learned from Bat- and Rodent-Borne RNA Viruses |
title_short | Common Themes in Zoonotic Spillover and Disease Emergence: Lessons Learned from Bat- and Rodent-Borne RNA Viruses |
title_sort | common themes in zoonotic spillover and disease emergence: lessons learned from bat- and rodent-borne rna viruses |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402684/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34452374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081509 |
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