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Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Most of these transfers resulted in limited spread of these viruses to humans. However, one transmission event involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees gave rise to group M H...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402909/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34452331 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081466 |
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author | Khan, Nabab Geiger, Jonathan D. |
author_facet | Khan, Nabab Geiger, Jonathan D. |
author_sort | Khan, Nabab |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Most of these transfers resulted in limited spread of these viruses to humans. However, one transmission event involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees gave rise to group M HIV-1, with M being the principal strain of HIV-1 responsible for the AIDS pandemic. Vpu is an HIV-1 accessory protein generated from Env/Vpu encoded bicistronic mRNA and localized in cytosolic and membrane regions of cells capable of being infected by HIV-1 and that regulate HIV-1 infection and transmission by downregulating BST-2, CD4 proteins levels, and immune evasion. This review will focus of critical aspects of Vpu including its zoonosis, the adaptive hurdles to cross-species transmission, and future perspectives and broad implications of Vpu in HIV-1 infection and dissemination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8402909 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84029092021-08-29 Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis Khan, Nabab Geiger, Jonathan D. Viruses Review Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Most of these transfers resulted in limited spread of these viruses to humans. However, one transmission event involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees gave rise to group M HIV-1, with M being the principal strain of HIV-1 responsible for the AIDS pandemic. Vpu is an HIV-1 accessory protein generated from Env/Vpu encoded bicistronic mRNA and localized in cytosolic and membrane regions of cells capable of being infected by HIV-1 and that regulate HIV-1 infection and transmission by downregulating BST-2, CD4 proteins levels, and immune evasion. This review will focus of critical aspects of Vpu including its zoonosis, the adaptive hurdles to cross-species transmission, and future perspectives and broad implications of Vpu in HIV-1 infection and dissemination. MDPI 2021-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8402909/ /pubmed/34452331 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081466 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Khan, Nabab Geiger, Jonathan D. Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis |
title | Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis |
title_full | Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis |
title_fullStr | Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis |
title_short | Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis |
title_sort | role of viral protein u (vpu) in hiv-1 infection and pathogenesis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402909/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34452331 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081466 |
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