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Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Most of these transfers resulted in limited spread of these viruses to humans. However, one transmission event involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees gave rise to group M H...

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Autores principales: Khan, Nabab, Geiger, Jonathan D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402909/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34452331
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081466
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author Khan, Nabab
Geiger, Jonathan D.
author_facet Khan, Nabab
Geiger, Jonathan D.
author_sort Khan, Nabab
collection PubMed
description Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Most of these transfers resulted in limited spread of these viruses to humans. However, one transmission event involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees gave rise to group M HIV-1, with M being the principal strain of HIV-1 responsible for the AIDS pandemic. Vpu is an HIV-1 accessory protein generated from Env/Vpu encoded bicistronic mRNA and localized in cytosolic and membrane regions of cells capable of being infected by HIV-1 and that regulate HIV-1 infection and transmission by downregulating BST-2, CD4 proteins levels, and immune evasion. This review will focus of critical aspects of Vpu including its zoonosis, the adaptive hurdles to cross-species transmission, and future perspectives and broad implications of Vpu in HIV-1 infection and dissemination.
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spelling pubmed-84029092021-08-29 Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis Khan, Nabab Geiger, Jonathan D. Viruses Review Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Most of these transfers resulted in limited spread of these viruses to humans. However, one transmission event involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees gave rise to group M HIV-1, with M being the principal strain of HIV-1 responsible for the AIDS pandemic. Vpu is an HIV-1 accessory protein generated from Env/Vpu encoded bicistronic mRNA and localized in cytosolic and membrane regions of cells capable of being infected by HIV-1 and that regulate HIV-1 infection and transmission by downregulating BST-2, CD4 proteins levels, and immune evasion. This review will focus of critical aspects of Vpu including its zoonosis, the adaptive hurdles to cross-species transmission, and future perspectives and broad implications of Vpu in HIV-1 infection and dissemination. MDPI 2021-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8402909/ /pubmed/34452331 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081466 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Khan, Nabab
Geiger, Jonathan D.
Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis
title Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis
title_full Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis
title_fullStr Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis
title_short Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis
title_sort role of viral protein u (vpu) in hiv-1 infection and pathogenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402909/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34452331
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081466
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