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New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication and prevents disease progression but does not eradicate HIV-1. The persistence of a reservoir of latently infected cells represents the main barrier to a cure. “Shock and kill” is a promising strategy involving...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402914/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34452425 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081560 |
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author | Bricker, Katherine M. Chahroudi, Ann Mavigner, Maud |
author_facet | Bricker, Katherine M. Chahroudi, Ann Mavigner, Maud |
author_sort | Bricker, Katherine M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication and prevents disease progression but does not eradicate HIV-1. The persistence of a reservoir of latently infected cells represents the main barrier to a cure. “Shock and kill” is a promising strategy involving latency reversing agents (LRAs) to reactivate HIV-1 from latently infected cells, thus exposing the infected cells to killing by the immune system or clearance agents. Here, we review advances to the “shock and kill” strategy made through the nonhuman primate (NHP) model, highlighting recently identified latency reversing agents and approaches such as mimetics of the second mitochondrial activator of caspase (SMACm), experimental CD8+ T cell depletion, immune checkpoint blockade (ICI), and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. We also discuss the advantages and limits of the NHP model for HIV cure research and methods developed to evaluate the efficacy of in vivo treatment with LRAs in NHPs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8402914 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84029142021-08-29 New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models Bricker, Katherine M. Chahroudi, Ann Mavigner, Maud Viruses Review Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication and prevents disease progression but does not eradicate HIV-1. The persistence of a reservoir of latently infected cells represents the main barrier to a cure. “Shock and kill” is a promising strategy involving latency reversing agents (LRAs) to reactivate HIV-1 from latently infected cells, thus exposing the infected cells to killing by the immune system or clearance agents. Here, we review advances to the “shock and kill” strategy made through the nonhuman primate (NHP) model, highlighting recently identified latency reversing agents and approaches such as mimetics of the second mitochondrial activator of caspase (SMACm), experimental CD8+ T cell depletion, immune checkpoint blockade (ICI), and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. We also discuss the advantages and limits of the NHP model for HIV cure research and methods developed to evaluate the efficacy of in vivo treatment with LRAs in NHPs. MDPI 2021-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8402914/ /pubmed/34452425 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081560 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Bricker, Katherine M. Chahroudi, Ann Mavigner, Maud New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models |
title | New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models |
title_full | New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models |
title_fullStr | New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models |
title_full_unstemmed | New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models |
title_short | New Latency Reversing Agents for HIV-1 Cure: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Models |
title_sort | new latency reversing agents for hiv-1 cure: insights from nonhuman primate models |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402914/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34452425 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081560 |
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