Ureteritis cystica mimicking upper tract urothelial cancer in a patient with bladder cancer

Ureteritis cystica is a rare condition of the upper urinary tract characterized by the presence of numerous small cystic lesions. Associated urinary tract malignancy is exceedingly rare, and ureteritis cystica is not thought to have malignant potential. We present the case of a 62-year-old male who was found to have both urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and numerous filling defects of the bilateral upper urinary tracts which were subsequently diagnosed as ureteritis cystica. To our knowledge this is the only published case of ureteritis cystica associated with bladder cancer and the clinical challenges it poses.