Engineering genetic devices for in vivo control of therapeutic T cell activity triggered by the dietary molecule resveratrol

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–engineered T cell therapies have been recognized as powerful strategies in cancer immunotherapy; however, the clinical application of CAR-T is currently constrained by severe adverse effects in patients, caused by excessive cytotoxic activity and poor T cell control. Herein, we harnessed a dietary molecule resveratrol (RES)–responsive transactivator and a transrepressor to develop a repressible transgene expression (RES(rep)) device and an inducible transgene expression (RES(ind)) device, respectively. After optimization, these tools enabled the control of CAR expression and CAR-mediated antitumor function in engineered human cells. We demonstrated that a resveratrol-repressible CAR expression (RES(rep)-CAR) device can effectively inhibit T cell activation upon resveratrol administration in primary T cells and a xenograft tumor mouse model. Additionally, we exhibit how a resveratrol-inducible CAR expression (RES(ind)-CAR) device can achieve fine-tuned and reversible control over T cell activation via a resveratrol-titratable mechanism. Furthermore, our results revealed that the presence of RES can activate RES(ind)-CAR T cells with strong anticancer cytotoxicity against cells in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrates the utility of RES(rep) and RES(ind) devices as effective tools for transgene expression and illustrates the potential of RES(rep)-CAR and RES(ind)-CAR devices to enhance patient safety in precision cancer immunotherapies.