Role of IL-37- and IL-37-Treated Dendritic Cells in Acute Coronary Syndrome

As a chronic inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most countries. Inflammation is responsible for plaque instability and the subsequent onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which is one of the leading causes of hospitalization. Therefore, exploring the potential mechanism underlying ACS is of considerable concern, and searching for alternative therapeutic targets is very urgent. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) inhibits the production of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines and acts as a natural inhibitor of innate and adaptive immunity. Interestingly, our previous study with murine models showed that IL-37 alleviated cardiac remodeling and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Of note, our clinical study revealed that IL-37 is elevated and plays a beneficial role in patients with ACS. Moreover, dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate both immunity and tolerance, and tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) are characterized by more secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. As expected, IL-37-treated DCs are tolerogenic. Hence, we speculate that IL-37- or IL-37-treated DCs is a novel therapeutic possibility for ACS, and the precise mechanism of IL-37 requires further study.