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Environmental and Behavioral Factors with Refractive Error in Israeli Boys
SIGNIFICANCE: Evidence supporting the contributions of near work in myopia is equivocal. Findings from this pilot study suggest that a high prevalence of myopia in ultra-Orthodox boys may be attributed to intense near work at school and learning to read in preschool at an early age. PURPOSE: This st...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8407447/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34387583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001755 |
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author | Gordon-Shaag, Ariela Shneor, Einat Doron, Ravid Levine, Jonathan Ostrin, Lisa A. |
author_facet | Gordon-Shaag, Ariela Shneor, Einat Doron, Ravid Levine, Jonathan Ostrin, Lisa A. |
author_sort | Gordon-Shaag, Ariela |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIGNIFICANCE: Evidence supporting the contributions of near work in myopia is equivocal. Findings from this pilot study suggest that a high prevalence of myopia in ultra-Orthodox boys may be attributed to intense near work at school and learning to read in preschool at an early age. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess factors that may influence myopia in three groups of Jewish boys with different educational demands. METHODS: Healthy ultra-Orthodox, religious, and secular Jewish boys (n = 36) aged 8 to 12 years participated. Refractive status, education, time spent reading and writing, and electronic device use were assessed using a questionnaire, and time outdoors and physical activity were assessed objectively using an Actiwatch. Data were analyzed with χ(2) and Kruskal-Wallis tests with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons. RESULTS: Ultra-Orthodox (n = 14) and religious (n = 13) children had greater myopia prevalence compared with secular children (n = 9; P = .01), despite no differences in parental myopia. Actigraph data showed that there were no differences in activity (P = .52) or time spent outdoors (P = .48) between groups. Ultra-Orthodox children learned to read at a younger age and spent more hours at school (P < .001 for both). All groups engaged in a similar amount of near work while not in school (P = .52). However, ultra-Orthodox boys had less electronic device use than did religious (P = .007) and secular children (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates that ultra-Orthodox, religious, and secular children have distinct educational demands but similar time outdoors, physical activity, and near work while not in school. The findings suggest that near work at school and/or learning to read in preschool at an early age may contribute to previously reported differences in refractive error between groups. However, conclusions should be confirmed in a larger sample size. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8407447 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84074472021-09-03 Environmental and Behavioral Factors with Refractive Error in Israeli Boys Gordon-Shaag, Ariela Shneor, Einat Doron, Ravid Levine, Jonathan Ostrin, Lisa A. Optom Vis Sci Original Investigations SIGNIFICANCE: Evidence supporting the contributions of near work in myopia is equivocal. Findings from this pilot study suggest that a high prevalence of myopia in ultra-Orthodox boys may be attributed to intense near work at school and learning to read in preschool at an early age. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess factors that may influence myopia in three groups of Jewish boys with different educational demands. METHODS: Healthy ultra-Orthodox, religious, and secular Jewish boys (n = 36) aged 8 to 12 years participated. Refractive status, education, time spent reading and writing, and electronic device use were assessed using a questionnaire, and time outdoors and physical activity were assessed objectively using an Actiwatch. Data were analyzed with χ(2) and Kruskal-Wallis tests with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons. RESULTS: Ultra-Orthodox (n = 14) and religious (n = 13) children had greater myopia prevalence compared with secular children (n = 9; P = .01), despite no differences in parental myopia. Actigraph data showed that there were no differences in activity (P = .52) or time spent outdoors (P = .48) between groups. Ultra-Orthodox children learned to read at a younger age and spent more hours at school (P < .001 for both). All groups engaged in a similar amount of near work while not in school (P = .52). However, ultra-Orthodox boys had less electronic device use than did religious (P = .007) and secular children (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates that ultra-Orthodox, religious, and secular children have distinct educational demands but similar time outdoors, physical activity, and near work while not in school. The findings suggest that near work at school and/or learning to read in preschool at an early age may contribute to previously reported differences in refractive error between groups. However, conclusions should be confirmed in a larger sample size. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2021-08 2021-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8407447/ /pubmed/34387583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001755 Text en Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Optometry. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. |
spellingShingle | Original Investigations Gordon-Shaag, Ariela Shneor, Einat Doron, Ravid Levine, Jonathan Ostrin, Lisa A. Environmental and Behavioral Factors with Refractive Error in Israeli Boys |
title | Environmental and Behavioral Factors with Refractive Error in Israeli Boys |
title_full | Environmental and Behavioral Factors with Refractive Error in Israeli Boys |
title_fullStr | Environmental and Behavioral Factors with Refractive Error in Israeli Boys |
title_full_unstemmed | Environmental and Behavioral Factors with Refractive Error in Israeli Boys |
title_short | Environmental and Behavioral Factors with Refractive Error in Israeli Boys |
title_sort | environmental and behavioral factors with refractive error in israeli boys |
topic | Original Investigations |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8407447/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34387583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001755 |
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