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Gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: Findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS in Bhutan

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Kingdom of Bhutan. Thus, the early detection and prevention of hypertension is critical for reducing cardiovascular disease. However, the influence of sociocultural factors on vulnerability to hypertension needs further investigation. This...

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Autores principales: Segawa, Hiromi Kohori, Uematsu, Hironori, Dorji, Nidup, Wangdi, Ugyen, Dorjee, Chencho, Yangchen, Pemba, Kunisawa, Susumu, Sakamoto, Ryota, Imanaka, Yuichi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8407566/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34464428
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256811
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author Segawa, Hiromi Kohori
Uematsu, Hironori
Dorji, Nidup
Wangdi, Ugyen
Dorjee, Chencho
Yangchen, Pemba
Kunisawa, Susumu
Sakamoto, Ryota
Imanaka, Yuichi
author_facet Segawa, Hiromi Kohori
Uematsu, Hironori
Dorji, Nidup
Wangdi, Ugyen
Dorjee, Chencho
Yangchen, Pemba
Kunisawa, Susumu
Sakamoto, Ryota
Imanaka, Yuichi
author_sort Segawa, Hiromi Kohori
collection PubMed
description Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Kingdom of Bhutan. Thus, the early detection and prevention of hypertension is critical for reducing cardiovascular disease. However, the influence of sociocultural factors on vulnerability to hypertension needs further investigation. This study performed secondary data analysis on 1,909 individuals in a cross-sectional study (the National survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS approach in Bhutan– 2014). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a significant association between gender with marital status and hypertension. Women had a higher odds ratio than men (Ref) when married (AOR: 1.27, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.23–1.31), and when separated, divorced, or widowed (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12–1.26). People who speak the Tshanglakha language scored the highest odds (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.20–1.27), followed by Lhotshamkha (AOR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.12) and Dzongkha (Ref) after adjusting for various social and biomedical factors. Additionally, tobacco use displayed decreased odds for hypertension. To promote the early detection and prevention of hypertension, these cultural factors should be considered even within small geographic areas, such as Bhutan. It is necessary to strengthen hypertension preventive strategies for people who speak Tshanglakha and Lhotshamkha. Furthermore, careful consideration should be given to preventing hypertension among adults aged 40 years or more, women who are married, separated, divorced, or widowed, and men who never married in Bhutan.
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spelling pubmed-84075662021-09-01 Gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: Findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS in Bhutan Segawa, Hiromi Kohori Uematsu, Hironori Dorji, Nidup Wangdi, Ugyen Dorjee, Chencho Yangchen, Pemba Kunisawa, Susumu Sakamoto, Ryota Imanaka, Yuichi PLoS One Research Article Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Kingdom of Bhutan. Thus, the early detection and prevention of hypertension is critical for reducing cardiovascular disease. However, the influence of sociocultural factors on vulnerability to hypertension needs further investigation. This study performed secondary data analysis on 1,909 individuals in a cross-sectional study (the National survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS approach in Bhutan– 2014). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a significant association between gender with marital status and hypertension. Women had a higher odds ratio than men (Ref) when married (AOR: 1.27, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.23–1.31), and when separated, divorced, or widowed (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12–1.26). People who speak the Tshanglakha language scored the highest odds (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.20–1.27), followed by Lhotshamkha (AOR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.12) and Dzongkha (Ref) after adjusting for various social and biomedical factors. Additionally, tobacco use displayed decreased odds for hypertension. To promote the early detection and prevention of hypertension, these cultural factors should be considered even within small geographic areas, such as Bhutan. It is necessary to strengthen hypertension preventive strategies for people who speak Tshanglakha and Lhotshamkha. Furthermore, careful consideration should be given to preventing hypertension among adults aged 40 years or more, women who are married, separated, divorced, or widowed, and men who never married in Bhutan. Public Library of Science 2021-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8407566/ /pubmed/34464428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256811 Text en © 2021 Segawa et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Segawa, Hiromi Kohori
Uematsu, Hironori
Dorji, Nidup
Wangdi, Ugyen
Dorjee, Chencho
Yangchen, Pemba
Kunisawa, Susumu
Sakamoto, Ryota
Imanaka, Yuichi
Gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: Findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS in Bhutan
title Gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: Findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS in Bhutan
title_full Gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: Findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS in Bhutan
title_fullStr Gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: Findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS in Bhutan
title_full_unstemmed Gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: Findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS in Bhutan
title_short Gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: Findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS in Bhutan
title_sort gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using who steps in bhutan
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8407566/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34464428
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256811
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