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Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed by neurons and glia in the central nervous system carry a cargo of specific bioactive molecules, facilitating intercellular communication. However, in neurodegenerative disease conditions, EVs carry pathological miRNAs and/or proteins involved in spreading the disea...

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Autores principales: Upadhya, Raghavendra, Shetty, Ashok K
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: JKL International LLC 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8407884/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34527420
http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.0516
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author Upadhya, Raghavendra
Shetty, Ashok K
author_facet Upadhya, Raghavendra
Shetty, Ashok K
author_sort Upadhya, Raghavendra
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed by neurons and glia in the central nervous system carry a cargo of specific bioactive molecules, facilitating intercellular communication. However, in neurodegenerative disease conditions, EVs carry pathological miRNAs and/or proteins involved in spreading the disease. Such EVs are also found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the circulating blood, the characterization of which could identify biomarkers linked to specific neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, EVs secreted by various stem/progenitor cells carry therapeutic miRNAs and proteins, which have shown promise to alleviate symptoms and slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The ability of exogenously administered EVs to easily cross the blood-brain barrier with no risk for thrombosis and incorporate into neurons and glia has also opened up the possibility of using nano-sized EVs as carriers of therapeutic drugs or bioactive proteins. This review summarizes the role and function of EVs in alpha-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration and the spread of alpha-synuclein from neurons to glia, leading to the activation of the inflammatory response in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Moreover, the promise of brain-derived EVs in the CSF and the circulating blood for biomarker discovery and the efficacy of stem/progenitor cell-derived EVs or EVs loaded with bioactive molecules such as dopamine, catalase, curcumin, and siRNAs, in alleviating Parkinsonian symptoms are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-84078842021-09-14 Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease Upadhya, Raghavendra Shetty, Ashok K Aging Dis Review Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed by neurons and glia in the central nervous system carry a cargo of specific bioactive molecules, facilitating intercellular communication. However, in neurodegenerative disease conditions, EVs carry pathological miRNAs and/or proteins involved in spreading the disease. Such EVs are also found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the circulating blood, the characterization of which could identify biomarkers linked to specific neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, EVs secreted by various stem/progenitor cells carry therapeutic miRNAs and proteins, which have shown promise to alleviate symptoms and slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The ability of exogenously administered EVs to easily cross the blood-brain barrier with no risk for thrombosis and incorporate into neurons and glia has also opened up the possibility of using nano-sized EVs as carriers of therapeutic drugs or bioactive proteins. This review summarizes the role and function of EVs in alpha-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration and the spread of alpha-synuclein from neurons to glia, leading to the activation of the inflammatory response in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Moreover, the promise of brain-derived EVs in the CSF and the circulating blood for biomarker discovery and the efficacy of stem/progenitor cell-derived EVs or EVs loaded with bioactive molecules such as dopamine, catalase, curcumin, and siRNAs, in alleviating Parkinsonian symptoms are discussed. JKL International LLC 2021-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8407884/ /pubmed/34527420 http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.0516 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Upadhya et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
spellingShingle Review
Upadhya, Raghavendra
Shetty, Ashok K
Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
title Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
title_full Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
title_fullStr Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
title_short Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
title_sort extracellular vesicles for the diagnosis and treatment of parkinson’s disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8407884/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34527420
http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.0516
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