Well-leg compartment syndrome after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: A case report

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Well-leg compartment syndrome (WLCS) develops from abnormal positioning of the limb during surgery. There have been few reports of WLCS in rectal cancer patients, although the lithotomy position, which is widely applied for rectal surgery, is a risk factor for WLCS. CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old man with rectal cancer underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection of the rectum, left lateral lymph node dissection and diverting ileostomy. The operation time was 393 min. The patient was in the head-down tilt lithotomy position and rotated to the right side. Postoperatively, he complained of left lower leg pain and swelling and difficulty moving his legs. The compartment pressure of his right and left lower legs was 80 mmHg and 120 mmHg, respectively. A diagnosis of bilateral WLCS was made, and fasciotomy of both lower legs was performed 2 h after surgery. Although he was able to live his daily life, mild numbness remained in his toes one year after surgery. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: In addition to risk factors previously reported for WLCS, our review shows that the male sex and left side are associated with a greater risk of WLCS, especially in rectal surgery. Additionally, our review reveals that the type of rectal surgery leading to WLCS is almost always laparoscopic surgery. CONCLUSION: Surgeons should be especially vigilant for WLCS when they encounter patients, especially males, who complain of left lower leg pain after laparoscopic rectal surgery.