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Prenatal diagnosis of isolated lateral facial cleft by ultrasonography and three-dimensional printing: A case report

BACKGROUND: Lateral facial clefts are atypical with a low incidence in the facial cleft spectrum. With the development of ultrasonography (US) prenatal screening, such facial malformations can be detected and diagnosed prenatally rather than at birth. Although three-dimensional US (3DUS) can render...

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Autores principales: Song, Wen-Ling, Ma, Hai-Ou, Nan, Yu, Li, Yu-Jia, Qi, Na, Zhang, Li-Ying, Xu, Xin, Wang, Yuan-Yi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8409206/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34540978
http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i24.7196
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author Song, Wen-Ling
Ma, Hai-Ou
Nan, Yu
Li, Yu-Jia
Qi, Na
Zhang, Li-Ying
Xu, Xin
Wang, Yuan-Yi
author_facet Song, Wen-Ling
Ma, Hai-Ou
Nan, Yu
Li, Yu-Jia
Qi, Na
Zhang, Li-Ying
Xu, Xin
Wang, Yuan-Yi
author_sort Song, Wen-Ling
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Lateral facial clefts are atypical with a low incidence in the facial cleft spectrum. With the development of ultrasonography (US) prenatal screening, such facial malformations can be detected and diagnosed prenatally rather than at birth. Although three-dimensional US (3DUS) can render the fetus' face via 3D reconstruction, the 3D images are displayed on two-dimensional screens without field depth, which impedes the understanding of untrained individuals. In contrast, a 3D-printed model of the fetus' face helps both parents and doctors develop a more comprehensive understanding of the facial malformation by creating more interactive aspects. Herein, we present an isolated lateral facial cleft case that was diagnosed via US combined with a 3D-printed model. CASE SUMMARY: A 31-year-old G2P1 patient presented for routine prenatal screening at the 22(nd) wk of gestation. The coronal nostril-lip section of two-dimensional US (2DUS) demonstrated that the fetus' bilateral oral commissures were asymmetrical, and left oral commissure was abnormally wide. The left oblique-coronal section showed a cleft at the left oral commissure which extended to the left cheek. The results of 3DUS confirmed the cleft. Furthermore, we created a model of the fetal face using 3D printing technology, which clearly presented facial malformations. The fetus was diagnosed with a left lateral facial cleft, which was categorized as a No. 7 facial cleft according to the Tessier facial cleft classification. The parents terminated the pregnancy at the 24(th )wk of gestation after parental counseling. CONCLUSION: In the diagnostic course of the current case, in addition to the traditional application of 2D and 3DUS, we created a 3D-printed model of the fetus, which enhanced diagnostic evidence, benefited the education of junior doctors, improved parental counseling, and had the potential to guide surgical planning.
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spelling pubmed-84092062021-09-16 Prenatal diagnosis of isolated lateral facial cleft by ultrasonography and three-dimensional printing: A case report Song, Wen-Ling Ma, Hai-Ou Nan, Yu Li, Yu-Jia Qi, Na Zhang, Li-Ying Xu, Xin Wang, Yuan-Yi World J Clin Cases Case Report BACKGROUND: Lateral facial clefts are atypical with a low incidence in the facial cleft spectrum. With the development of ultrasonography (US) prenatal screening, such facial malformations can be detected and diagnosed prenatally rather than at birth. Although three-dimensional US (3DUS) can render the fetus' face via 3D reconstruction, the 3D images are displayed on two-dimensional screens without field depth, which impedes the understanding of untrained individuals. In contrast, a 3D-printed model of the fetus' face helps both parents and doctors develop a more comprehensive understanding of the facial malformation by creating more interactive aspects. Herein, we present an isolated lateral facial cleft case that was diagnosed via US combined with a 3D-printed model. CASE SUMMARY: A 31-year-old G2P1 patient presented for routine prenatal screening at the 22(nd) wk of gestation. The coronal nostril-lip section of two-dimensional US (2DUS) demonstrated that the fetus' bilateral oral commissures were asymmetrical, and left oral commissure was abnormally wide. The left oblique-coronal section showed a cleft at the left oral commissure which extended to the left cheek. The results of 3DUS confirmed the cleft. Furthermore, we created a model of the fetal face using 3D printing technology, which clearly presented facial malformations. The fetus was diagnosed with a left lateral facial cleft, which was categorized as a No. 7 facial cleft according to the Tessier facial cleft classification. The parents terminated the pregnancy at the 24(th )wk of gestation after parental counseling. CONCLUSION: In the diagnostic course of the current case, in addition to the traditional application of 2D and 3DUS, we created a 3D-printed model of the fetus, which enhanced diagnostic evidence, benefited the education of junior doctors, improved parental counseling, and had the potential to guide surgical planning. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2021-08-26 2021-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8409206/ /pubmed/34540978 http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i24.7196 Text en ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.
spellingShingle Case Report
Song, Wen-Ling
Ma, Hai-Ou
Nan, Yu
Li, Yu-Jia
Qi, Na
Zhang, Li-Ying
Xu, Xin
Wang, Yuan-Yi
Prenatal diagnosis of isolated lateral facial cleft by ultrasonography and three-dimensional printing: A case report
title Prenatal diagnosis of isolated lateral facial cleft by ultrasonography and three-dimensional printing: A case report
title_full Prenatal diagnosis of isolated lateral facial cleft by ultrasonography and three-dimensional printing: A case report
title_fullStr Prenatal diagnosis of isolated lateral facial cleft by ultrasonography and three-dimensional printing: A case report
title_full_unstemmed Prenatal diagnosis of isolated lateral facial cleft by ultrasonography and three-dimensional printing: A case report
title_short Prenatal diagnosis of isolated lateral facial cleft by ultrasonography and three-dimensional printing: A case report
title_sort prenatal diagnosis of isolated lateral facial cleft by ultrasonography and three-dimensional printing: a case report
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8409206/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34540978
http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i24.7196
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