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Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken by governments to contain it have affected many aspects of the daily lives of citizens. This study aimed to describe changes in the productivity of paid work and time allocation to paid and unpaid work and leisure resulting from...

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Autores principales: Huls, Samare P. I., Sajjad, Ayesha, Kanters, Tim A., Hakkaart-van Roijen, Leona, Brouwer, Werner B. F., van Exel, Job
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8410454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34472047
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40273-021-01078-7
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author Huls, Samare P. I.
Sajjad, Ayesha
Kanters, Tim A.
Hakkaart-van Roijen, Leona
Brouwer, Werner B. F.
van Exel, Job
author_facet Huls, Samare P. I.
Sajjad, Ayesha
Kanters, Tim A.
Hakkaart-van Roijen, Leona
Brouwer, Werner B. F.
van Exel, Job
author_sort Huls, Samare P. I.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken by governments to contain it have affected many aspects of the daily lives of citizens. This study aimed to describe changes in the productivity of paid work and time allocation to paid and unpaid work and leisure resulting from working at home during the pandemic. METHODS: A sample of 851 people from the Netherlands who had paid work (≥ 24 h/week) and worked at least 4 hours per week extra at home because of lockdown measures completed a questionnaire during the first COVID-19 lockdown (April 2020). Respondents reported time spent on paid and unpaid work and leisure before and during the lockdown. Productivity was measured in terms of quantity and quality of paid work. RESULTS: On average, respondents spent less time (14%) on paid work and productivity decreased 5.5%. Changes in productivity were associated with the age of children, net income and having a separate home office. Respondents spent more time on unpaid work (27%) and leisure (11%). Women spent more time on unpaid work in absolute but not in relative terms. People with a partner and with children spent more time on unpaid work and less time on leisure. CONCLUSIONS: Productivity of paid work decreased, and people reallocated time between paid and unpaid work and leisure during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Changes in time allocation and productivity differed across subgroups. If working at home becomes more common, future research should focus on the long-term impact on productivity and mental and physical health.
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spelling pubmed-84104542021-09-02 Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic Huls, Samare P. I. Sajjad, Ayesha Kanters, Tim A. Hakkaart-van Roijen, Leona Brouwer, Werner B. F. van Exel, Job Pharmacoeconomics Original Research Article BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken by governments to contain it have affected many aspects of the daily lives of citizens. This study aimed to describe changes in the productivity of paid work and time allocation to paid and unpaid work and leisure resulting from working at home during the pandemic. METHODS: A sample of 851 people from the Netherlands who had paid work (≥ 24 h/week) and worked at least 4 hours per week extra at home because of lockdown measures completed a questionnaire during the first COVID-19 lockdown (April 2020). Respondents reported time spent on paid and unpaid work and leisure before and during the lockdown. Productivity was measured in terms of quantity and quality of paid work. RESULTS: On average, respondents spent less time (14%) on paid work and productivity decreased 5.5%. Changes in productivity were associated with the age of children, net income and having a separate home office. Respondents spent more time on unpaid work (27%) and leisure (11%). Women spent more time on unpaid work in absolute but not in relative terms. People with a partner and with children spent more time on unpaid work and less time on leisure. CONCLUSIONS: Productivity of paid work decreased, and people reallocated time between paid and unpaid work and leisure during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Changes in time allocation and productivity differed across subgroups. If working at home becomes more common, future research should focus on the long-term impact on productivity and mental and physical health. Springer International Publishing 2021-09-02 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8410454/ /pubmed/34472047 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40273-021-01078-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Research Article
Huls, Samare P. I.
Sajjad, Ayesha
Kanters, Tim A.
Hakkaart-van Roijen, Leona
Brouwer, Werner B. F.
van Exel, Job
Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic
title Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic
title_full Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic
title_fullStr Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic
title_short Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic
title_sort productivity of working at home and time allocation between paid work, unpaid work and leisure activities during a pandemic
topic Original Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8410454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34472047
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40273-021-01078-7
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