Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on rare diseases - A case study on thalassaemia patients in Bangladesh

OBJECTIVES: Thalassaemia is a life-threatening rare disease, which requires regular blood transfusion and medical care. The information on how thalassaemia patients are affected during the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis is scarce. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the blood transfusion and healthcare access of thalassaemia patients at the community level in Bangladesh. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among thalassaemia patients registered in a community-based ‘thalassaemia registry’ in Jamapur, Bangladesh. RESULTS: As compared to pre-COVID-19 time, the number of blood transfusions among patients under the thalassaemia registry was significantly reduced during COVID-19 pandemic (190 units versus 81 units). In addition, the median number of red cell transfusions per patient was dropped significantly from 4 units to one unit. Over 80% of patient had no access to healthcare services at all during the early phase of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency response with appropriate mitigative measures must be a priority for addressing an acute shortage of blood supply in situations like COVID-19 pandemic.