Characterization of the spontaneous degenerative mitral valve disease in FVB mice

BACKGROUND: The development of new non-surgical treatments dedicated to mitral valve degeneration is limited by the absence of relevant spontaneous and rapidly progressing animal experimental models. ANIMALS: We characterized the spontaneous mitral valve degeneration in two inbred FVB mouse strains compared to C57BL/6J and investigated a contribution of the serotonergic system. METHODS: Males and females FVB/NJ and FVB/NRj were compared to the putative C57BL/6J control at 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks of age. Body weight, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), whole blood and plasma serotonin, tail bleeding time, blood cell count, plasma TGF-β1 and plasma natriuretic peptide concentrations were measured. Myocardium and mitral valves were characterized by histology. mRNA mitral expression of 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2B) receptors was measured in the anterior leaflet. Cardiac anatomy and function were assessed by echocardiography. RESULTS: Compared to C57BL/6J, FVB mice strains did not significantly differ regarding body weight increase, arterial blood pressure and heart rate. A progressive augmentation of plasma pro-ANP was observed in FVB mice. Nevertheless, no cardiac hypertrophy or left-ventricular fibrosis were observed. Accordingly, plasma TGF-β1 was not different among the three strains. Conversely, FVB mice demonstrated a high prevalence of fibromyxoid highly cellularized and enriched in glycosaminoglycans lesions, inducing major mitral leaflets thickening without increase in length. The increased thickness was correlated with urinary 5-HIAA and blood platelet count. Whole blood serotonin concentration was similar in the two strains but, in FVB, a reduction of plasma serotonin was observed together with an increase of the bleeding time. Finally, echocardiography identified left atrial and left ventricular remodeling associated with thickening of both mitral leaflets and mitral insufficient in 30% of FVB mice but no systolic protrusion of mitral leaflets towards the atrium. CONCLUSION: The FVB mouse strain is highly prone to spontaneous mitral myxomatous degeneration. A contribution of the peripheral serotonergic system is suggested.