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Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is traditionally associated with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, a process essential for the mineralization of hard tissue such as bone or tooth. Deficiency of this vitamin is a problem worldwide, however. Given the possibly significant role of Vitamin D in odontogene...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8414781/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34479530 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02857-z |
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author | Suárez-Calleja, Claudia Aza-Morera, Jaime Iglesias-Cabo, Tania Tardón, Adonina |
author_facet | Suárez-Calleja, Claudia Aza-Morera, Jaime Iglesias-Cabo, Tania Tardón, Adonina |
author_sort | Suárez-Calleja, Claudia |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is traditionally associated with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, a process essential for the mineralization of hard tissue such as bone or tooth. Deficiency of this vitamin is a problem worldwide, however. Given the possibly significant role of Vitamin D in odontogenesis in children, the objective of our study was to determine the influence of vitamin D levels in the blood on dental anomalies in children between 6 and 10 years of age, by means of 25-hydroxy vitamin D tests performed during pregnancy and the first years of life. METHODS: The data analyzed were sourced from data belonging to the INMA-Asturias birth cohort, a prospective cohort study initiated in 2004 as part of the INMA Project. The 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) test was performed with samples from 188 children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort with a dental examination performed between 6 and 10 years of age. The samples were taken at three stages: in the mother at 12 weeks of gestation, and subsequently in the child at 4 and 8 years of age. Diet, nutritional and oro-dental hygiene habits were also analyzed by means of questionnaires. RESULTS: The results indicate a significant association between caries and correct or incorrect brushing technique. With incorrect brushing technique, the prevalence of caries was 48.89%, but this dropped to 22.38% with correct brushing technique. An association was also found between tooth decay and frequency of sugar intake. The prevalence of caries was 24.54% with occasional sugar intake, but this rose to 56% with regular sugar intake. On the other hand, levels < 20 ng/ml in both mother and child at 8 years of age would also be risk factors (OR(gest) = 2.51(1.01–6.36) and OR(8years) = 3.45(1.14–11.01)) for the presence of caries in children. The risk of caries practically tripled where 25(OH) D values were < 20 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Although incorrect brushing technique and regular sugar consumption was found to be the main cause of caries in the children, the low concentrations of vitamin D in the blood of the pregnant mothers may have magnified this correlation, indicating that the monitoring of vitamin D levels during pregnancy should be included in antenatal programmes. It is particularly striking that 50% of the children were deficient in vitamin D at the age of 4, and that dental floss was practically absent from regular cleaning routines. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8414781 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84147812021-09-09 Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort Suárez-Calleja, Claudia Aza-Morera, Jaime Iglesias-Cabo, Tania Tardón, Adonina BMC Pediatr Research BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is traditionally associated with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, a process essential for the mineralization of hard tissue such as bone or tooth. Deficiency of this vitamin is a problem worldwide, however. Given the possibly significant role of Vitamin D in odontogenesis in children, the objective of our study was to determine the influence of vitamin D levels in the blood on dental anomalies in children between 6 and 10 years of age, by means of 25-hydroxy vitamin D tests performed during pregnancy and the first years of life. METHODS: The data analyzed were sourced from data belonging to the INMA-Asturias birth cohort, a prospective cohort study initiated in 2004 as part of the INMA Project. The 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) test was performed with samples from 188 children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort with a dental examination performed between 6 and 10 years of age. The samples were taken at three stages: in the mother at 12 weeks of gestation, and subsequently in the child at 4 and 8 years of age. Diet, nutritional and oro-dental hygiene habits were also analyzed by means of questionnaires. RESULTS: The results indicate a significant association between caries and correct or incorrect brushing technique. With incorrect brushing technique, the prevalence of caries was 48.89%, but this dropped to 22.38% with correct brushing technique. An association was also found between tooth decay and frequency of sugar intake. The prevalence of caries was 24.54% with occasional sugar intake, but this rose to 56% with regular sugar intake. On the other hand, levels < 20 ng/ml in both mother and child at 8 years of age would also be risk factors (OR(gest) = 2.51(1.01–6.36) and OR(8years) = 3.45(1.14–11.01)) for the presence of caries in children. The risk of caries practically tripled where 25(OH) D values were < 20 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Although incorrect brushing technique and regular sugar consumption was found to be the main cause of caries in the children, the low concentrations of vitamin D in the blood of the pregnant mothers may have magnified this correlation, indicating that the monitoring of vitamin D levels during pregnancy should be included in antenatal programmes. It is particularly striking that 50% of the children were deficient in vitamin D at the age of 4, and that dental floss was practically absent from regular cleaning routines. BioMed Central 2021-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8414781/ /pubmed/34479530 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02857-z Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Suárez-Calleja, Claudia Aza-Morera, Jaime Iglesias-Cabo, Tania Tardón, Adonina Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort |
title | Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort |
title_full | Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort |
title_fullStr | Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort |
title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort |
title_short | Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort |
title_sort | vitamin d, pregnancy and caries in children in the inma-asturias birth cohort |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8414781/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34479530 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02857-z |
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