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The Natural Environment of Physical Activity and Perceived Stress: The Mediating Role of Specific Recovery Experiences
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate a potential psychological mechanism of green exercise on perceived stress. More precisely, it was analyzed whether the relationship between the natural environment of physical activity and perceived stress was mediated by recovery experiences,...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8414890/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34485903 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.706467 |
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author | Schmid, Julia Imbach, Lars Klaperski, Sandra Sudeck, Gorden |
author_facet | Schmid, Julia Imbach, Lars Klaperski, Sandra Sudeck, Gorden |
author_sort | Schmid, Julia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate a potential psychological mechanism of green exercise on perceived stress. More precisely, it was analyzed whether the relationship between the natural environment of physical activity and perceived stress was mediated by recovery experiences, namely by psychological detachment and relaxation. An ecological momentary assessment approach was used, meaning that specific recovery experiences were assessed directly in real-life situations and multiple times. Materials and methods: Thirty five women and 27 men took part in the ecological momentary assessment study over seven days (M(age) = 32.30 years, SD = 10.23, 53% had a degree from a university or a university of applied science). If participants were involved in PA lasting at least 10 min on a given day, they had to answer questionnaires on the smartphone both prior to the activity and immediately afterwards. Perceived naturalness, psychological detachment and relaxation were assessed after physical activity events, whereas perceived stress was measured before and after each physical activity event. A two-level mediation analysis was conducted. The direct and indirect effect of perceived naturalness on perceived stress after engagement in physical activity was analyzed on the within- and between-person levels. Results and conclusion: Results showed that the relaxation as a recovery experience served as mediator between perceived naturalness and perceived stress after engagement in physical activity, but only on a within-person level. This means that the more natural a given individual appraised the physical activity environment, the more relaxed he or she felt during physical activity (β = 0.322, p < 0.0005). Furthermore the more relaxed the individual was, the less stress he or she perceived after exercising (β = −0.221, p < 0.0005). The psychological detachment as a recovery experience in contrast, did not serve as mediator, neither at the within- and the between-person level. Considering the indirect effect of perceived naturalness on perceived stress and the importance of relaxation experiences, current findings suggest that research should put greater emphasis on examining the specific psychological mechanisms of green exercise to make even better use of its beneficial effects in the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8414890 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84148902021-09-04 The Natural Environment of Physical Activity and Perceived Stress: The Mediating Role of Specific Recovery Experiences Schmid, Julia Imbach, Lars Klaperski, Sandra Sudeck, Gorden Front Sports Act Living Sports and Active Living Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate a potential psychological mechanism of green exercise on perceived stress. More precisely, it was analyzed whether the relationship between the natural environment of physical activity and perceived stress was mediated by recovery experiences, namely by psychological detachment and relaxation. An ecological momentary assessment approach was used, meaning that specific recovery experiences were assessed directly in real-life situations and multiple times. Materials and methods: Thirty five women and 27 men took part in the ecological momentary assessment study over seven days (M(age) = 32.30 years, SD = 10.23, 53% had a degree from a university or a university of applied science). If participants were involved in PA lasting at least 10 min on a given day, they had to answer questionnaires on the smartphone both prior to the activity and immediately afterwards. Perceived naturalness, psychological detachment and relaxation were assessed after physical activity events, whereas perceived stress was measured before and after each physical activity event. A two-level mediation analysis was conducted. The direct and indirect effect of perceived naturalness on perceived stress after engagement in physical activity was analyzed on the within- and between-person levels. Results and conclusion: Results showed that the relaxation as a recovery experience served as mediator between perceived naturalness and perceived stress after engagement in physical activity, but only on a within-person level. This means that the more natural a given individual appraised the physical activity environment, the more relaxed he or she felt during physical activity (β = 0.322, p < 0.0005). Furthermore the more relaxed the individual was, the less stress he or she perceived after exercising (β = −0.221, p < 0.0005). The psychological detachment as a recovery experience in contrast, did not serve as mediator, neither at the within- and the between-person level. Considering the indirect effect of perceived naturalness on perceived stress and the importance of relaxation experiences, current findings suggest that research should put greater emphasis on examining the specific psychological mechanisms of green exercise to make even better use of its beneficial effects in the future. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8414890/ /pubmed/34485903 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.706467 Text en Copyright © 2021 Schmid, Imbach, Klaperski and Sudeck. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Sports and Active Living Schmid, Julia Imbach, Lars Klaperski, Sandra Sudeck, Gorden The Natural Environment of Physical Activity and Perceived Stress: The Mediating Role of Specific Recovery Experiences |
title | The Natural Environment of Physical Activity and Perceived Stress: The Mediating Role of Specific Recovery Experiences |
title_full | The Natural Environment of Physical Activity and Perceived Stress: The Mediating Role of Specific Recovery Experiences |
title_fullStr | The Natural Environment of Physical Activity and Perceived Stress: The Mediating Role of Specific Recovery Experiences |
title_full_unstemmed | The Natural Environment of Physical Activity and Perceived Stress: The Mediating Role of Specific Recovery Experiences |
title_short | The Natural Environment of Physical Activity and Perceived Stress: The Mediating Role of Specific Recovery Experiences |
title_sort | natural environment of physical activity and perceived stress: the mediating role of specific recovery experiences |
topic | Sports and Active Living |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8414890/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34485903 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.706467 |
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