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Distribution of pfmdr1 and pfcrt chloroquine drug resistance alleles in north-western Nigeria
BACKGROUND: In Nigeria, decline in the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) has prompted the unofficial use of chloroquine (CQ) for self-medication. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and distribution of CQ resistant/susceptible alleles of CQ...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Dutch Malaria Foundation
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8415075/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34532238 |
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author | Muhammad, Ruqayyah H. Nock, Ishaya H. Ndams, Iliya S. George, Jonathan B. Deeni, Yusuf |
author_facet | Muhammad, Ruqayyah H. Nock, Ishaya H. Ndams, Iliya S. George, Jonathan B. Deeni, Yusuf |
author_sort | Muhammad, Ruqayyah H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In Nigeria, decline in the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) has prompted the unofficial use of chloroquine (CQ) for self-medication. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and distribution of CQ resistant/susceptible alleles of CQ resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 (Pfmdr1) in view of the possible re-introduction of CQ for malaria treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred and sixty six (466) P. falciparum positive samples were randomly collected from five states of northwest Nigeria. The samples were amplified using RT- PCR at codon 76 for Pfcrt and codon 86 for Pfmdr1. Data was analysed using chi-square, odds ratios and paired t-tests. RESULTS: Drug susceptible alleles (N86) were most prevalent in the study population (47.9%; 223/466), followed by the drug resistance alleles 86Y (28.3%; 132/466), followed by the drug susceptible alleles K76 (17.4%; 81/466), the resistant alleles 76T (12.4%; 58/466) and finally the mixed infection mutation K76T (3.6%; 17/466). Differences between the distributions of the Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt alleles were significant (P<0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.05) between N86 and 86Y alleles, but no significant differences between K76 and 76T alleles, including the prevalence of the various alleles across the different age groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest the possibility of (re)introducing CQ for malaria treatment in north-western Nigeria and provide insight in the genetic background of P. falciparum in the study area. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8415075 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Dutch Malaria Foundation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84150752021-09-15 Distribution of pfmdr1 and pfcrt chloroquine drug resistance alleles in north-western Nigeria Muhammad, Ruqayyah H. Nock, Ishaya H. Ndams, Iliya S. George, Jonathan B. Deeni, Yusuf Malariaworld J Research BACKGROUND: In Nigeria, decline in the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) has prompted the unofficial use of chloroquine (CQ) for self-medication. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and distribution of CQ resistant/susceptible alleles of CQ resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 (Pfmdr1) in view of the possible re-introduction of CQ for malaria treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred and sixty six (466) P. falciparum positive samples were randomly collected from five states of northwest Nigeria. The samples were amplified using RT- PCR at codon 76 for Pfcrt and codon 86 for Pfmdr1. Data was analysed using chi-square, odds ratios and paired t-tests. RESULTS: Drug susceptible alleles (N86) were most prevalent in the study population (47.9%; 223/466), followed by the drug resistance alleles 86Y (28.3%; 132/466), followed by the drug susceptible alleles K76 (17.4%; 81/466), the resistant alleles 76T (12.4%; 58/466) and finally the mixed infection mutation K76T (3.6%; 17/466). Differences between the distributions of the Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt alleles were significant (P<0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.05) between N86 and 86Y alleles, but no significant differences between K76 and 76T alleles, including the prevalence of the various alleles across the different age groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest the possibility of (re)introducing CQ for malaria treatment in north-western Nigeria and provide insight in the genetic background of P. falciparum in the study area. Dutch Malaria Foundation 2017-08-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8415075/ /pubmed/34532238 Text en Copyright © 2017 Muhammad et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Muhammad, Ruqayyah H. Nock, Ishaya H. Ndams, Iliya S. George, Jonathan B. Deeni, Yusuf Distribution of pfmdr1 and pfcrt chloroquine drug resistance alleles in north-western Nigeria |
title | Distribution of pfmdr1 and pfcrt chloroquine drug resistance alleles in north-western Nigeria |
title_full | Distribution of pfmdr1 and pfcrt chloroquine drug resistance alleles in north-western Nigeria |
title_fullStr | Distribution of pfmdr1 and pfcrt chloroquine drug resistance alleles in north-western Nigeria |
title_full_unstemmed | Distribution of pfmdr1 and pfcrt chloroquine drug resistance alleles in north-western Nigeria |
title_short | Distribution of pfmdr1 and pfcrt chloroquine drug resistance alleles in north-western Nigeria |
title_sort | distribution of pfmdr1 and pfcrt chloroquine drug resistance alleles in north-western nigeria |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8415075/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34532238 |
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