A comprehensive insight on the COVID-19 vaccine candidates

The world is currently facing a pandemic triggered by the novel corona virus (SARS – CoV2), which causes a highly infectious infection that predominantly affects the lungs, resulting in a variety of clinical symptoms some cases may be asymptomatic while others may result in to severe respiratory disorder, if the infection is left unattended it may result in multi-organ failure and eventually death of the patient. The transmission of infection is by droplet and fomites of the infected person. The incubation period of virus is from 2 to 14 days. Most common symptoms resemble flu-like but later progress to pneumonia along with dyspnoea and worsening of oxygen saturation, thus requiring ventilator support. The diagnostic modalities include Reverse transcriptase real time PCR (Quantitative Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) which is recommended method used for diagnosis of the COVID-19 infection using oro-pharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swabs of the patients. Recently serological tests for antigen and antibody detection has been approved by ICMR. Till now, nine COVID-19 vaccines are granted emergency approval for prevention and for the management of infection symptomatic and supportive measures are being adopted. Globally major pharmaceutical firms are engrossed for development of a potent vaccine candidate. This review highlights on various vaccine candidates under clinical trials.