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Age-Related Differences in Corticospinal Excitability and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments of the Trunk

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are a feedforward mechanism for the maintenance of postural stability and are delayed in old adults. We previously showed in young adults that APAs of the trunk induced by a fast shoulder movement were mediated, at least in part, by a cortical mechanism. Howe...

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Autores principales: Rowland, Rebecca S., Jenkinson, Ned, Chiou, Shin-Yi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8416077/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34483887
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.718784
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author Rowland, Rebecca S.
Jenkinson, Ned
Chiou, Shin-Yi
author_facet Rowland, Rebecca S.
Jenkinson, Ned
Chiou, Shin-Yi
author_sort Rowland, Rebecca S.
collection PubMed
description Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are a feedforward mechanism for the maintenance of postural stability and are delayed in old adults. We previously showed in young adults that APAs of the trunk induced by a fast shoulder movement were mediated, at least in part, by a cortical mechanism. However, it remains unclear the relationship between delayed APAs and motor cortical excitability in ageing. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation we examined motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the erector spinae (ES) muscles in healthy young and old adults prior to a fast shoulder flexion task. A recognition reaction time (RRT) paradigm was used where participants responded to a visual stimulus by flexing their shoulders bilaterally as fast as possible. The activity of bilateral anterior deltoid (AD) and ES muscles was recorded using electromyography (EMG). The onset of AD and ES EMG was measured to represent RRT and APAs, respectively. We found increases in amplitudes of ES MEPs at 40 ms than 50 ms prior to the EMG onset of the AD in both groups. The amplitude of ES MEPs at 40 ms prior to the onset of AD EMG correlated with the onset of ES activity counterbalancing the perturbation induced by the shoulder task in the elderly participants only. Our findings suggest that timing of increasing corticospinal excitability prior to a self-paced perturbation becomes more relevant with ageing in modulating postural control of the trunk.
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spelling pubmed-84160772021-09-04 Age-Related Differences in Corticospinal Excitability and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments of the Trunk Rowland, Rebecca S. Jenkinson, Ned Chiou, Shin-Yi Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are a feedforward mechanism for the maintenance of postural stability and are delayed in old adults. We previously showed in young adults that APAs of the trunk induced by a fast shoulder movement were mediated, at least in part, by a cortical mechanism. However, it remains unclear the relationship between delayed APAs and motor cortical excitability in ageing. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation we examined motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the erector spinae (ES) muscles in healthy young and old adults prior to a fast shoulder flexion task. A recognition reaction time (RRT) paradigm was used where participants responded to a visual stimulus by flexing their shoulders bilaterally as fast as possible. The activity of bilateral anterior deltoid (AD) and ES muscles was recorded using electromyography (EMG). The onset of AD and ES EMG was measured to represent RRT and APAs, respectively. We found increases in amplitudes of ES MEPs at 40 ms than 50 ms prior to the EMG onset of the AD in both groups. The amplitude of ES MEPs at 40 ms prior to the onset of AD EMG correlated with the onset of ES activity counterbalancing the perturbation induced by the shoulder task in the elderly participants only. Our findings suggest that timing of increasing corticospinal excitability prior to a self-paced perturbation becomes more relevant with ageing in modulating postural control of the trunk. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8416077/ /pubmed/34483887 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.718784 Text en Copyright © 2021 Rowland, Jenkinson and Chiou. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Rowland, Rebecca S.
Jenkinson, Ned
Chiou, Shin-Yi
Age-Related Differences in Corticospinal Excitability and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments of the Trunk
title Age-Related Differences in Corticospinal Excitability and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments of the Trunk
title_full Age-Related Differences in Corticospinal Excitability and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments of the Trunk
title_fullStr Age-Related Differences in Corticospinal Excitability and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments of the Trunk
title_full_unstemmed Age-Related Differences in Corticospinal Excitability and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments of the Trunk
title_short Age-Related Differences in Corticospinal Excitability and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments of the Trunk
title_sort age-related differences in corticospinal excitability and anticipatory postural adjustments of the trunk
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8416077/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34483887
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.718784
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