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Identification of the Immune-Related Genes in Tumor Microenvironment That Associated With the Recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are still one of the most common malignant tumors in China, with a high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. The tumor immune microenvironment can affect the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumors, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8417745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34490269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.723721 |
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author | Chengcheng, Liu Wenwen, Qi Ningyue, Gong Fangyuan, Zhu Runtong, Xu Zhenxiao, Teng Fenglei, Xu Yiming, Qin Miaoqing, Zhao Xiaoming, Li Ming, Xia |
author_facet | Chengcheng, Liu Wenwen, Qi Ningyue, Gong Fangyuan, Zhu Runtong, Xu Zhenxiao, Teng Fenglei, Xu Yiming, Qin Miaoqing, Zhao Xiaoming, Li Ming, Xia |
author_sort | Chengcheng, Liu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are still one of the most common malignant tumors in China, with a high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. The tumor immune microenvironment can affect the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumors, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we tried to describe the correlation between the recurrence of HNSCC and the tumor microenvironment (TME). The expression data [estimate the level of tumor stromal and immune infiltration, expression data (ESTIMATE)] algorithm was used to identify and estimate highly correlated stromal cells, immune cells, and prognostic scores in 116 samples of head and neck cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of differential expressed genes (DEGs) were constructed. Subsequently, the abundance of various infiltrating immune cells was estimated with the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) and the infiltration pattern of immune cells were explored in HNSCC. A total of 407 immune-related genes were identified to involve in the TME. We found that CCR5, CD3E, CD4, and HLA -DRB1 were the most obvious DEGs and the dendritic cells (DCs) showed the highest abundance in the TME of HNSCC. In addition, the unsupervised cluster analysis determined 10 clusters of immune infiltration patterns, and indicated that immune infiltrated CD4 + T and B cells may be related to the prognosis of HNSCC. In conclusion, our research determined the list of immune genes and immune infiltrating cells related to the prognosis of HNSCC, and provided a perspective for HNSCC evolution, anti-tumor drugs selection, and drug resistance research. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8417745 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84177452021-09-05 Identification of the Immune-Related Genes in Tumor Microenvironment That Associated With the Recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Chengcheng, Liu Wenwen, Qi Ningyue, Gong Fangyuan, Zhu Runtong, Xu Zhenxiao, Teng Fenglei, Xu Yiming, Qin Miaoqing, Zhao Xiaoming, Li Ming, Xia Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are still one of the most common malignant tumors in China, with a high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. The tumor immune microenvironment can affect the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumors, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we tried to describe the correlation between the recurrence of HNSCC and the tumor microenvironment (TME). The expression data [estimate the level of tumor stromal and immune infiltration, expression data (ESTIMATE)] algorithm was used to identify and estimate highly correlated stromal cells, immune cells, and prognostic scores in 116 samples of head and neck cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of differential expressed genes (DEGs) were constructed. Subsequently, the abundance of various infiltrating immune cells was estimated with the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) and the infiltration pattern of immune cells were explored in HNSCC. A total of 407 immune-related genes were identified to involve in the TME. We found that CCR5, CD3E, CD4, and HLA -DRB1 were the most obvious DEGs and the dendritic cells (DCs) showed the highest abundance in the TME of HNSCC. In addition, the unsupervised cluster analysis determined 10 clusters of immune infiltration patterns, and indicated that immune infiltrated CD4 + T and B cells may be related to the prognosis of HNSCC. In conclusion, our research determined the list of immune genes and immune infiltrating cells related to the prognosis of HNSCC, and provided a perspective for HNSCC evolution, anti-tumor drugs selection, and drug resistance research. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8417745/ /pubmed/34490269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.723721 Text en Copyright © 2021 Chengcheng, Wenwen, Ningyue, Fangyuan, Runtong, Zhenxiao, Fenglei, Yiming, Miaoqing, Xiaoming and Ming. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Chengcheng, Liu Wenwen, Qi Ningyue, Gong Fangyuan, Zhu Runtong, Xu Zhenxiao, Teng Fenglei, Xu Yiming, Qin Miaoqing, Zhao Xiaoming, Li Ming, Xia Identification of the Immune-Related Genes in Tumor Microenvironment That Associated With the Recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title | Identification of the Immune-Related Genes in Tumor Microenvironment That Associated With the Recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title_full | Identification of the Immune-Related Genes in Tumor Microenvironment That Associated With the Recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title_fullStr | Identification of the Immune-Related Genes in Tumor Microenvironment That Associated With the Recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification of the Immune-Related Genes in Tumor Microenvironment That Associated With the Recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title_short | Identification of the Immune-Related Genes in Tumor Microenvironment That Associated With the Recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title_sort | identification of the immune-related genes in tumor microenvironment that associated with the recurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8417745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34490269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.723721 |
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