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Expanding the Chondroitin Sulfate Glycoproteome — But How Far?

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are found at cell surfaces and in connective tissues, where they interact with a multitude of proteins involved in various pathophysiological processes. From a methodological perspective, the identification of CSPGs is challenging, as the identification requ...

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Autores principales: Noborn, Fredrik, Nikpour, Mahnaz, Persson, Andrea, Nilsson, Jonas, Larson, Göran
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8418075/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34490248
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.695970
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author Noborn, Fredrik
Nikpour, Mahnaz
Persson, Andrea
Nilsson, Jonas
Larson, Göran
author_facet Noborn, Fredrik
Nikpour, Mahnaz
Persson, Andrea
Nilsson, Jonas
Larson, Göran
author_sort Noborn, Fredrik
collection PubMed
description Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are found at cell surfaces and in connective tissues, where they interact with a multitude of proteins involved in various pathophysiological processes. From a methodological perspective, the identification of CSPGs is challenging, as the identification requires the combined sequencing of specific core proteins, together with the characterization of the CS polysaccharide modification(s). According to the current notion of CSPGs, they are often considered in relation to a functional role in which a given proteoglycan regulates a specific function in cellular physiology. Recent advances in glycoproteomic methods have, however, enabled the identification of numerous novel chondroitin sulfate core proteins, and their glycosaminoglycan attachment sites, in humans and in various animal models. In addition, these methods have revealed unexpected structural complexity even in the linkage regions. These findings indicate that the number and structural complexity of CSPGs are much greater than previously perceived. In light of these findings, the prospect of finding additional CSPGs, using improved methods for structural and functional characterizations, and studying novel sample matrices in humans and in animal models is discussed. Further, as many of the novel CSPGs are found in low abundance and with not yet assigned functions, these findings may challenge the traditional notion of defining proteoglycans. Therefore, the concept of proteoglycans is considered, discussing whether “a proteoglycan” should be defined mainly on the basis of an assigned function or on the structural evidence of its existence.
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spelling pubmed-84180752021-09-05 Expanding the Chondroitin Sulfate Glycoproteome — But How Far? Noborn, Fredrik Nikpour, Mahnaz Persson, Andrea Nilsson, Jonas Larson, Göran Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are found at cell surfaces and in connective tissues, where they interact with a multitude of proteins involved in various pathophysiological processes. From a methodological perspective, the identification of CSPGs is challenging, as the identification requires the combined sequencing of specific core proteins, together with the characterization of the CS polysaccharide modification(s). According to the current notion of CSPGs, they are often considered in relation to a functional role in which a given proteoglycan regulates a specific function in cellular physiology. Recent advances in glycoproteomic methods have, however, enabled the identification of numerous novel chondroitin sulfate core proteins, and their glycosaminoglycan attachment sites, in humans and in various animal models. In addition, these methods have revealed unexpected structural complexity even in the linkage regions. These findings indicate that the number and structural complexity of CSPGs are much greater than previously perceived. In light of these findings, the prospect of finding additional CSPGs, using improved methods for structural and functional characterizations, and studying novel sample matrices in humans and in animal models is discussed. Further, as many of the novel CSPGs are found in low abundance and with not yet assigned functions, these findings may challenge the traditional notion of defining proteoglycans. Therefore, the concept of proteoglycans is considered, discussing whether “a proteoglycan” should be defined mainly on the basis of an assigned function or on the structural evidence of its existence. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8418075/ /pubmed/34490248 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.695970 Text en Copyright © 2021 Noborn, Nikpour, Persson, Nilsson and Larson. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Noborn, Fredrik
Nikpour, Mahnaz
Persson, Andrea
Nilsson, Jonas
Larson, Göran
Expanding the Chondroitin Sulfate Glycoproteome — But How Far?
title Expanding the Chondroitin Sulfate Glycoproteome — But How Far?
title_full Expanding the Chondroitin Sulfate Glycoproteome — But How Far?
title_fullStr Expanding the Chondroitin Sulfate Glycoproteome — But How Far?
title_full_unstemmed Expanding the Chondroitin Sulfate Glycoproteome — But How Far?
title_short Expanding the Chondroitin Sulfate Glycoproteome — But How Far?
title_sort expanding the chondroitin sulfate glycoproteome — but how far?
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8418075/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34490248
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.695970
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