Cargando…

SARS‐CoV‐2 and the brain: A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID‐19

SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the new coronavirus responsible for the pandemic disease in the last year, is able to affect the central nervous system (CNS). Compared with its well‐known pulmonary tropism and respiratory complications, little has been studied about SAR...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Maiese, Aniello, Manetti, Alice Chiara, Bosetti, Chiara, Del Duca, Fabio, La Russa, Raffaele, Frati, Paola, Di Paolo, Marco, Turillazzi, Emanuela, Fineschi, Vittorio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8420197/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34390282
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bpa.13013
_version_ 1783748898688335872
author Maiese, Aniello
Manetti, Alice Chiara
Bosetti, Chiara
Del Duca, Fabio
La Russa, Raffaele
Frati, Paola
Di Paolo, Marco
Turillazzi, Emanuela
Fineschi, Vittorio
author_facet Maiese, Aniello
Manetti, Alice Chiara
Bosetti, Chiara
Del Duca, Fabio
La Russa, Raffaele
Frati, Paola
Di Paolo, Marco
Turillazzi, Emanuela
Fineschi, Vittorio
author_sort Maiese, Aniello
collection PubMed
description SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the new coronavirus responsible for the pandemic disease in the last year, is able to affect the central nervous system (CNS). Compared with its well‐known pulmonary tropism and respiratory complications, little has been studied about SARS‐CoV‐2 neurotropism and pathogenesis of its neurological manifestations, but also about postmortem histopathological findings in the CNS of patients who died from COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019). We present a systematic review, carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review standards, of the neuropathological features of COVID‐19. We found 21 scientific papers, the majority of which refer to postmortem examinations; the total amount of cases is 197. Hypoxic changes are the most frequently reported alteration of brain tissue, followed by ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions and reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis. These findings do not seem to be specific to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, they are more likely because of systemic inflammation and coagulopathy caused by COVID‐19. More studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis and to detect other possible alterations of neural tissue. Brain examination of patients dead from COVID‐19 should be included in a protocol of standardized criteria to perform autopsies on these subjects.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8420197
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher John Wiley and Sons Inc.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-84201972021-09-07 SARS‐CoV‐2 and the brain: A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID‐19 Maiese, Aniello Manetti, Alice Chiara Bosetti, Chiara Del Duca, Fabio La Russa, Raffaele Frati, Paola Di Paolo, Marco Turillazzi, Emanuela Fineschi, Vittorio Brain Pathol Review SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the new coronavirus responsible for the pandemic disease in the last year, is able to affect the central nervous system (CNS). Compared with its well‐known pulmonary tropism and respiratory complications, little has been studied about SARS‐CoV‐2 neurotropism and pathogenesis of its neurological manifestations, but also about postmortem histopathological findings in the CNS of patients who died from COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019). We present a systematic review, carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review standards, of the neuropathological features of COVID‐19. We found 21 scientific papers, the majority of which refer to postmortem examinations; the total amount of cases is 197. Hypoxic changes are the most frequently reported alteration of brain tissue, followed by ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions and reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis. These findings do not seem to be specific to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, they are more likely because of systemic inflammation and coagulopathy caused by COVID‐19. More studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis and to detect other possible alterations of neural tissue. Brain examination of patients dead from COVID‐19 should be included in a protocol of standardized criteria to perform autopsies on these subjects. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8420197/ /pubmed/34390282 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bpa.13013 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Brain Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Neuropathology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Review
Maiese, Aniello
Manetti, Alice Chiara
Bosetti, Chiara
Del Duca, Fabio
La Russa, Raffaele
Frati, Paola
Di Paolo, Marco
Turillazzi, Emanuela
Fineschi, Vittorio
SARS‐CoV‐2 and the brain: A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID‐19
title SARS‐CoV‐2 and the brain: A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID‐19
title_full SARS‐CoV‐2 and the brain: A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID‐19
title_fullStr SARS‐CoV‐2 and the brain: A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID‐19
title_full_unstemmed SARS‐CoV‐2 and the brain: A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID‐19
title_short SARS‐CoV‐2 and the brain: A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID‐19
title_sort sars‐cov‐2 and the brain: a review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in covid‐19
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8420197/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34390282
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bpa.13013
work_keys_str_mv AT maieseaniello sarscov2andthebrainareviewofthecurrentknowledgeonneuropathologyincovid19
AT manettialicechiara sarscov2andthebrainareviewofthecurrentknowledgeonneuropathologyincovid19
AT bosettichiara sarscov2andthebrainareviewofthecurrentknowledgeonneuropathologyincovid19
AT delducafabio sarscov2andthebrainareviewofthecurrentknowledgeonneuropathologyincovid19
AT larussaraffaele sarscov2andthebrainareviewofthecurrentknowledgeonneuropathologyincovid19
AT fratipaola sarscov2andthebrainareviewofthecurrentknowledgeonneuropathologyincovid19
AT dipaolomarco sarscov2andthebrainareviewofthecurrentknowledgeonneuropathologyincovid19
AT turillazziemanuela sarscov2andthebrainareviewofthecurrentknowledgeonneuropathologyincovid19
AT fineschivittorio sarscov2andthebrainareviewofthecurrentknowledgeonneuropathologyincovid19