Varicella caused by airborne transmission of a localised herpes zoster infection in a family

Localised herpes zoster infections spread by direct contact with active skin lesion, but airborne transmission is rare. We report a case of varicella from airborne transmission of a localised herpes zoster infection in a family. The patient was a 15-year-old boy who had never been vaccinated against the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). He likely developed varicella from his father, whom the patient lived with. The patient’s father developed a localised herpes zoster infection 2 weeks prior. The patient’s varicella was hypothesised to be due to VZV spread via airborne transmission from the father’s localised infection. To decrease the number of varicella cases, routine vaccination of children against VZV is essential, and immunisation against VZV in middle-aged and elderly patients is also necessary.