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Identification of Immune-Related Risk Signatures for the Prognostic Prediction in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, which remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with head and neck cancers. However, the critical immune-related signatures and their prognostic values have rarely been investigated. MATERIALS...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8420972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34497859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6203759 |
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author | Zou, Chen Huang, Dahong Wei, Haigang Wu, Siyuan Song, Jing Tang, Zhe Li, Xia Ai, Yilong |
author_facet | Zou, Chen Huang, Dahong Wei, Haigang Wu, Siyuan Song, Jing Tang, Zhe Li, Xia Ai, Yilong |
author_sort | Zou, Chen |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, which remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with head and neck cancers. However, the critical immune-related signatures and their prognostic values have rarely been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gene differential analysis was used to measure the differences of gene expression between the groups. Correlation analysis was used to assess the association between the gene expression levels and immune-related risk score/DNA methylation levels. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the pathways or cell types enriched by those identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS: In this study, we identified four immune-related gene signatures, including CTSG, TNFRSF4, LCORL, and PLAU, that were significantly associated with the overall survival in OSCC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) OSCC cohort. Moreover, these four immune-related signatures were differentially expressed between the OSCC and nontumor tissues. The two groups (high and low risk) stratified by the immune-related risk scores had significantly different OS and mortality rates. The gene expression patterns and prognostic values of these immune-related signatures were also verified in two independent validation cohorts. Furthermore, the downregulated genes in the high-risk group (which were also upregulated in the low-risk group) were significantly enriched in the cell type-specific signatures of type 2 T helper cell (Th2), plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC), and memory B cell. In contrast, the upregulated genes in the high-score group were enriched in growth factor receptor-related signaling pathways, such as the VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion-PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, and PDGF pathway, suggesting that those pathways were inversely correlated with immune cell infiltration. CONCLUSION: In summary, the immune-related signatures had the potential for predicting the risk of OSCC patients. Moreover, the present study also improved our understanding of the association between the growth factor receptor pathways and immune cell infiltration in OSCC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8420972 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84209722021-09-07 Identification of Immune-Related Risk Signatures for the Prognostic Prediction in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Zou, Chen Huang, Dahong Wei, Haigang Wu, Siyuan Song, Jing Tang, Zhe Li, Xia Ai, Yilong J Immunol Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, which remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with head and neck cancers. However, the critical immune-related signatures and their prognostic values have rarely been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gene differential analysis was used to measure the differences of gene expression between the groups. Correlation analysis was used to assess the association between the gene expression levels and immune-related risk score/DNA methylation levels. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the pathways or cell types enriched by those identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS: In this study, we identified four immune-related gene signatures, including CTSG, TNFRSF4, LCORL, and PLAU, that were significantly associated with the overall survival in OSCC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) OSCC cohort. Moreover, these four immune-related signatures were differentially expressed between the OSCC and nontumor tissues. The two groups (high and low risk) stratified by the immune-related risk scores had significantly different OS and mortality rates. The gene expression patterns and prognostic values of these immune-related signatures were also verified in two independent validation cohorts. Furthermore, the downregulated genes in the high-risk group (which were also upregulated in the low-risk group) were significantly enriched in the cell type-specific signatures of type 2 T helper cell (Th2), plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC), and memory B cell. In contrast, the upregulated genes in the high-score group were enriched in growth factor receptor-related signaling pathways, such as the VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion-PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, and PDGF pathway, suggesting that those pathways were inversely correlated with immune cell infiltration. CONCLUSION: In summary, the immune-related signatures had the potential for predicting the risk of OSCC patients. Moreover, the present study also improved our understanding of the association between the growth factor receptor pathways and immune cell infiltration in OSCC. Hindawi 2021-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8420972/ /pubmed/34497859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6203759 Text en Copyright © 2021 Chen Zou et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zou, Chen Huang, Dahong Wei, Haigang Wu, Siyuan Song, Jing Tang, Zhe Li, Xia Ai, Yilong Identification of Immune-Related Risk Signatures for the Prognostic Prediction in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title | Identification of Immune-Related Risk Signatures for the Prognostic Prediction in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title_full | Identification of Immune-Related Risk Signatures for the Prognostic Prediction in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title_fullStr | Identification of Immune-Related Risk Signatures for the Prognostic Prediction in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Immune-Related Risk Signatures for the Prognostic Prediction in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title_short | Identification of Immune-Related Risk Signatures for the Prognostic Prediction in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
title_sort | identification of immune-related risk signatures for the prognostic prediction in oral squamous cell carcinoma |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8420972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34497859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6203759 |
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