Volumetric analysis of subthalamic nucleus and red nucleus in patients of advanced Parkinson’s disease using SWI sequences

BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease is associated with significant changes in morphometry of subthalamic nucleus (STN); however, not much is known as the disease progresses. The aim of present study was to investigate the volume of STN and Red nucleus (RN) on 3T-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its possible correlation with disease progression in advanced Parkinson’s disease patients. METHODS: Patients of advanced Parkinson’s disease were prospectively followed for clinical details, motor severity scores, and radiological evaluation. Volumes of the STN and RN were measured on susceptibility weighted imaging, coronal sections in 3T MRI and were correlated with demographic and clinical features. RESULTS: A total of 52 patients were included in our study. There were 42 (80.77%) males and 10 (19.23%) females. Mean age of onset of Parkinson’s disease was 49.48 + 10.90 years. Average duration of disease in the present cohort was 7.65 + 4.31 years. Average STN and RN volume were 103.46 + 21.17 mm(3) and 321.73 + 67.66 mm(3). Age of onset, disease duration and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III scores were not found to be associated with changes in STN Volumes. Weak positive trend was noted between RN volume and disease duration (Pearson cor. 0.204, P = 0.14). Patients in early-onset Parkinson’s disease group had significantly more volume of RN than patients in late-onset Parkinson’s disease group (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Disease duration and early age of onset in Parkinson’s disease can be associated with increased RN volume. Volume of STN shows relatively no change even with disease progression.