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Problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among Lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem
BACKGROUND: Adults all over the world face serious issues from problematic smartphone use (PSU). It influences them negatively on a cognitive, behavioral, and emotional level, as well as on their tendencies and well-being. In Lebanon, the prevalence of PSU was shown to be 20.2% within the adult popu...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424409/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34496954 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00638-y |
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author | Zeidan, Joanne Hallit, Souheil Akel, Marwan Louragli, Ismail Obeid, Sahar |
author_facet | Zeidan, Joanne Hallit, Souheil Akel, Marwan Louragli, Ismail Obeid, Sahar |
author_sort | Zeidan, Joanne |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Adults all over the world face serious issues from problematic smartphone use (PSU). It influences them negatively on a cognitive, behavioral, and emotional level, as well as on their tendencies and well-being. In Lebanon, the prevalence of PSU was shown to be 20.2% within the adult population, specifically with young adults (18–34 years old). This study investigates the validity and reliability of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) Arabic version. In addition, this study evaluates the association between PSU and affective temperaments and the mediating role of self-esteem in this association. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out between August and September 2020, using a sample of community-dwelling participants aged 18 to 29 years. The Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version was used to evaluate smartphone addiction among adolescents and adults. The five different temperaments of the patients were assessed by using the Affective temperament Scale (TEMPS‐A). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to evaluate self-esteem. RESULTS: 461 participants were included in this study. All items of the SAS were extracted and yielded a one-factor solution with Eigenvalues > 1 (variance explained = 49.96%; α(Cronbach) = 0.886). The confirmatory analysis results consolidated those obtained from the factor analysis. Higher depressive temperament (B = 0.46) was significantly associated with more smartphone addiction, whereas higher self-esteem (B = − 0.28) was significantly associated with less smartphone addiction. Self-esteem was found to mediate the association between depressive and hyperthymic temperaments with smartphone addiction. CONCLUSION: This study added a better understanding of the high smartphone addiction rate among adults in Lebanon. It confirms the association between affective temperaments and PSU through the mediating effect of self-esteem on Lebanese adults. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00638-y. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8424409 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84244092021-09-08 Problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among Lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem Zeidan, Joanne Hallit, Souheil Akel, Marwan Louragli, Ismail Obeid, Sahar BMC Psychol Research BACKGROUND: Adults all over the world face serious issues from problematic smartphone use (PSU). It influences them negatively on a cognitive, behavioral, and emotional level, as well as on their tendencies and well-being. In Lebanon, the prevalence of PSU was shown to be 20.2% within the adult population, specifically with young adults (18–34 years old). This study investigates the validity and reliability of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) Arabic version. In addition, this study evaluates the association between PSU and affective temperaments and the mediating role of self-esteem in this association. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out between August and September 2020, using a sample of community-dwelling participants aged 18 to 29 years. The Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version was used to evaluate smartphone addiction among adolescents and adults. The five different temperaments of the patients were assessed by using the Affective temperament Scale (TEMPS‐A). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to evaluate self-esteem. RESULTS: 461 participants were included in this study. All items of the SAS were extracted and yielded a one-factor solution with Eigenvalues > 1 (variance explained = 49.96%; α(Cronbach) = 0.886). The confirmatory analysis results consolidated those obtained from the factor analysis. Higher depressive temperament (B = 0.46) was significantly associated with more smartphone addiction, whereas higher self-esteem (B = − 0.28) was significantly associated with less smartphone addiction. Self-esteem was found to mediate the association between depressive and hyperthymic temperaments with smartphone addiction. CONCLUSION: This study added a better understanding of the high smartphone addiction rate among adults in Lebanon. It confirms the association between affective temperaments and PSU through the mediating effect of self-esteem on Lebanese adults. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00638-y. BioMed Central 2021-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8424409/ /pubmed/34496954 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00638-y Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Zeidan, Joanne Hallit, Souheil Akel, Marwan Louragli, Ismail Obeid, Sahar Problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among Lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem |
title | Problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among Lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem |
title_full | Problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among Lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem |
title_fullStr | Problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among Lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem |
title_full_unstemmed | Problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among Lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem |
title_short | Problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among Lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem |
title_sort | problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424409/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34496954 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00638-y |
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