Pulmonary sequestration presenting as a massive haemoptysis in adult: A case report

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital lung malformation characterized by non-functioning mass of pulmonary tissue that lacks normal communication with bronchial tree and receives one or more aberrant systemic arterial supply. It usually presents in children with recurrent chest infections. It is uncommon in adult and remains asymptomatic or present with recurrent chest infections, rarely with more severe symptoms like a massive haemoptysis as in seen in our case. CASE PRESENTATION: A 22-year-old male presented with a chief complain of multiple episodes of massive haemoptysis. After evaluation with chest x-ray, CT chest and angiogram, he was diagnosed to have intralobar pulmonary sequestration. He underwent successful thoracotomy and left lower lobectomy. He is asymptomatic after one year of follow up. DISCUSSION: Pulmonary sequestration is rare in adult and can present with various symptoms like chest pain, cough, sputum production, recurrent infection and rarely haemoptysis. Intralobar sequestration of left lower lobe is the most common as seen in our case. The diagnosis can be made by Computed Tomogram chest with angiogram. Surgical intervention is the definitive curative treatment. Post-operative outcome is excellent with early patient satisfaction and promising outcome in long term follow-up. CONCLUSION: Bronchopulmonary sequestration can rarely present in adults presenting with massive haemoptysis. CT chest is the best modality for diagnosis. Early surgical intervention is definitive treatment with good long term outcome.