An Infant With Seborrhoeic Dermatitis and Eczema Herpeticum Complicated by a Generalized Infection

Primary herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection in children (beyond the neonatal period) may be asymptomatic or manifest as herpetic gingivostomatitis accompanied by fever and other symptoms. However, severe, health- and life-threatening infection is observed in rare cases, especially in at-risk patients. Children with atopic dermatitis may develop extensive eczema herpeticum (eruptio varicelliformis Kaposi). Herpes simplex eye infection, herpes simplex encephalitis, and disseminated (generalized) herpes infection also pose danger. We present a boy with exacerbated infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis (ISD) and eczema herpeticum complicated by streptococcal sepsis. HSV transmission should be limited if possible by avoiding direct contact with those who recently developed lesions. Communication with parents and explaining how to properly care for the skin in a child with skin diseases that disturb its barrier function protecting against external factors is particularly important. Also, parents should be informed that "red flag" symptoms in a child should be an indication for a pediatric consultation. In the event of infection, the duration of symptoms can be reduced by promptly initiated acyclovir therapy.