Synergic fabrication of succimer coated titanium dioxide nanomaterials delivery for in vitro proliferation and in vivo examination on human aortic endothelial cells

The probable nanotoxicity to human health and the environment is a significant challenge for the sustainable application of nanomaterials in medicine. The cytototoxical effect of succimer (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid-DMSA) coated titanium dioxide (DMSA-TiO(2)) with cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) was assessed in this investigation. Our findings have shown that DMSA-TiO(2) can be accumulated in HAoECs and dispersed in a cytoplasm on the culture medium. DMSA-cytotoxicity TiO(2) effects were dose-responsive, and the concentrations were of little toxicity, and MTT stain testing showed that they had only 0.02 mg ml(−1). Meanwhile, the lactate dehydrogenase biomarker was not considerably more remarkable than the biomarker from untreated (control) cells (free DMSA-TiO(2)). Though, also without any apparent signs of cell damage, the endocrine functions for prostacyclin I-2 and endothelin-1 and the urea transporter functions were modified. In addition, in vitro endothelial tube development has been shown that HAoECs could induce angiogenesis even with small amounts of DMSA-TiO(2) (0.01 and 0.02 mg ml(−1)). Further, we have examined the in vivo toxicity and biochemical parameter by animal model. Furthermore, in vivo assessments designated that the resulting DMSA-TiO(2) presented synergistic activities of angiogenesis activity. Overall, these findings show the cytotoxicity of DMSA-TiO(2) and could induce adverse effects on normal endothelial cells.