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Gene Expression Profiling of Contralateral Dorsal Root Ganglia Associated with Mirror-Image Pain in a Rat Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I
BACKGROUND: Mirror-image pain (MIP), which develops from the healthy body region contralateral to the actual injured site, is a mysterious pain phenomenon accompanying many chronic pain conditions, such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). However, the pathogenesis of MIP still remains largely...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Dove
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8426644/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34512013 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S322372 |
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author | Nie, Huimin Liu, Boyu Yin, Chengyu Chen, Ruixiang Wang, Jie Zeng, Danyi Tai, Yan Xie, Jingdun He, Dongwei Liu, Boyi |
author_facet | Nie, Huimin Liu, Boyu Yin, Chengyu Chen, Ruixiang Wang, Jie Zeng, Danyi Tai, Yan Xie, Jingdun He, Dongwei Liu, Boyi |
author_sort | Nie, Huimin |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Mirror-image pain (MIP), which develops from the healthy body region contralateral to the actual injured site, is a mysterious pain phenomenon accompanying many chronic pain conditions, such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). However, the pathogenesis of MIP still remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to perform an expression profiling to identify genes related to MIP in an animal model of CRPS-I. METHODS: We established a rat chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) model to mimic human CRPS-I. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), bioinformatics, qPCR, immunostaining, and animal behavioral assays were used to screen potential genes in the contralateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) that may be involved in MIP. RESULTS: The CPIP model rats developed robust and persistent MIP in contralateral hind paws. Bilateral DRG neurons did not exhibit obvious neuronal damage. RNA-Seq of contralateral DRG from CPIP model rats identified a total 527 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) vs sham rats. The expression changes of several representative DEGs were further verified by qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the immune system process, innate immune response, and cell adhesion were among the mostly enriched biological processes, which are important processes involved in pain sensitization, neuroinflammation, and chronic pain. We further identified DEGs potentially involved in pain mechanisms or enriched in small- to medium-sized sensory neurons or TRPV1-lineage nociceptors. By comparing with published datasets summarizing genes enriched in pain mechanisms, we sorted out a core set of genes which might contribute to nociception and the pain mechanism in MIP. CONCLUSION: We provided by far the first study to profile gene expression changes and pathway analysis of contralateral DRG for the studying of MIP mechanisms. This work may provide novel insights into understanding the mysterious mechanisms underlying MIP. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8426644 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Dove |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84266442021-09-10 Gene Expression Profiling of Contralateral Dorsal Root Ganglia Associated with Mirror-Image Pain in a Rat Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I Nie, Huimin Liu, Boyu Yin, Chengyu Chen, Ruixiang Wang, Jie Zeng, Danyi Tai, Yan Xie, Jingdun He, Dongwei Liu, Boyi J Pain Res Original Research BACKGROUND: Mirror-image pain (MIP), which develops from the healthy body region contralateral to the actual injured site, is a mysterious pain phenomenon accompanying many chronic pain conditions, such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). However, the pathogenesis of MIP still remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to perform an expression profiling to identify genes related to MIP in an animal model of CRPS-I. METHODS: We established a rat chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) model to mimic human CRPS-I. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), bioinformatics, qPCR, immunostaining, and animal behavioral assays were used to screen potential genes in the contralateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) that may be involved in MIP. RESULTS: The CPIP model rats developed robust and persistent MIP in contralateral hind paws. Bilateral DRG neurons did not exhibit obvious neuronal damage. RNA-Seq of contralateral DRG from CPIP model rats identified a total 527 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) vs sham rats. The expression changes of several representative DEGs were further verified by qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the immune system process, innate immune response, and cell adhesion were among the mostly enriched biological processes, which are important processes involved in pain sensitization, neuroinflammation, and chronic pain. We further identified DEGs potentially involved in pain mechanisms or enriched in small- to medium-sized sensory neurons or TRPV1-lineage nociceptors. By comparing with published datasets summarizing genes enriched in pain mechanisms, we sorted out a core set of genes which might contribute to nociception and the pain mechanism in MIP. CONCLUSION: We provided by far the first study to profile gene expression changes and pathway analysis of contralateral DRG for the studying of MIP mechanisms. This work may provide novel insights into understanding the mysterious mechanisms underlying MIP. Dove 2021-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8426644/ /pubmed/34512013 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S322372 Text en © 2021 Nie et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Nie, Huimin Liu, Boyu Yin, Chengyu Chen, Ruixiang Wang, Jie Zeng, Danyi Tai, Yan Xie, Jingdun He, Dongwei Liu, Boyi Gene Expression Profiling of Contralateral Dorsal Root Ganglia Associated with Mirror-Image Pain in a Rat Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I |
title | Gene Expression Profiling of Contralateral Dorsal Root Ganglia Associated with Mirror-Image Pain in a Rat Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I |
title_full | Gene Expression Profiling of Contralateral Dorsal Root Ganglia Associated with Mirror-Image Pain in a Rat Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I |
title_fullStr | Gene Expression Profiling of Contralateral Dorsal Root Ganglia Associated with Mirror-Image Pain in a Rat Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I |
title_full_unstemmed | Gene Expression Profiling of Contralateral Dorsal Root Ganglia Associated with Mirror-Image Pain in a Rat Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I |
title_short | Gene Expression Profiling of Contralateral Dorsal Root Ganglia Associated with Mirror-Image Pain in a Rat Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I |
title_sort | gene expression profiling of contralateral dorsal root ganglia associated with mirror-image pain in a rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type-i |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8426644/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34512013 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S322372 |
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