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Performing nasopharyngeal swabs—Guidelines based on an anatomical study
Nasopharyngeal swabs are performed to collect material for diagnosing diseases affecting the respiratory system, such as Covid‐19. Yet, no systematic anatomical study defines concrete prerequisites for successfully targeting the nasopharyngeal mucosa. We therefore aim at simulating nasopharyngeal sw...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8426742/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34216513 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.23762 |
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author | Pruidze, Paata Mincheva, Plamena Weninger, Jeremias T. Reissig, Lukas F. Hainfellner, Andreas Weninger, Wolfgang J. |
author_facet | Pruidze, Paata Mincheva, Plamena Weninger, Jeremias T. Reissig, Lukas F. Hainfellner, Andreas Weninger, Wolfgang J. |
author_sort | Pruidze, Paata |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nasopharyngeal swabs are performed to collect material for diagnosing diseases affecting the respiratory system, such as Covid‐19. Yet, no systematic anatomical study defines concrete prerequisites for successfully targeting the nasopharyngeal mucosa. We therefore aim at simulating nasopharyngeal swabs in human body donors to characterize parameters allowing and supporting to enter the nasopharynx with a swab, while avoiding endangering the cribriform plate. With the aid of metal probes and commercial swabs a total of 314 nasopharyngeal swabs in anatomical head/neck specimens stemming from 157 body donors were simulated. Important anatomical parameters were photo‐documented and measured. We provide information on angles and distances between prominent anatomical landmarks and particularly important positions the probe occupies during its advancement through the nares to the upper and lower parts of the nasopharynx and cribriform plate. Based on these data we suggest a simple and safe three‐step procedure for conducting nasopharyngeal swabs. In addition, we define easily recognizable signals for its correct performance. Evaluations prove that this procedure in all specimens without deformations of the nasal cavity allows the swab to enter the nasopharynx, whereas a widespread used alternative only succeeds in less than 50%. Our data will be the key for the successful collection of nasopharyngeal material for detecting and characterizing pathogens, such as SARS‐CoV‐2, which have a high affinity to pharyngeal mucosa. They demonstrate that the danger for damaging the cribriform plate or olfactory mucosa with swabs is unlikely, but potentially higher when performing nasal swabs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8426742 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84267422021-09-09 Performing nasopharyngeal swabs—Guidelines based on an anatomical study Pruidze, Paata Mincheva, Plamena Weninger, Jeremias T. Reissig, Lukas F. Hainfellner, Andreas Weninger, Wolfgang J. Clin Anat Original Communication Nasopharyngeal swabs are performed to collect material for diagnosing diseases affecting the respiratory system, such as Covid‐19. Yet, no systematic anatomical study defines concrete prerequisites for successfully targeting the nasopharyngeal mucosa. We therefore aim at simulating nasopharyngeal swabs in human body donors to characterize parameters allowing and supporting to enter the nasopharynx with a swab, while avoiding endangering the cribriform plate. With the aid of metal probes and commercial swabs a total of 314 nasopharyngeal swabs in anatomical head/neck specimens stemming from 157 body donors were simulated. Important anatomical parameters were photo‐documented and measured. We provide information on angles and distances between prominent anatomical landmarks and particularly important positions the probe occupies during its advancement through the nares to the upper and lower parts of the nasopharynx and cribriform plate. Based on these data we suggest a simple and safe three‐step procedure for conducting nasopharyngeal swabs. In addition, we define easily recognizable signals for its correct performance. Evaluations prove that this procedure in all specimens without deformations of the nasal cavity allows the swab to enter the nasopharynx, whereas a widespread used alternative only succeeds in less than 50%. Our data will be the key for the successful collection of nasopharyngeal material for detecting and characterizing pathogens, such as SARS‐CoV‐2, which have a high affinity to pharyngeal mucosa. They demonstrate that the danger for damaging the cribriform plate or olfactory mucosa with swabs is unlikely, but potentially higher when performing nasal swabs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2021-07-13 2021-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8426742/ /pubmed/34216513 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.23762 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Original Communication Pruidze, Paata Mincheva, Plamena Weninger, Jeremias T. Reissig, Lukas F. Hainfellner, Andreas Weninger, Wolfgang J. Performing nasopharyngeal swabs—Guidelines based on an anatomical study |
title | Performing nasopharyngeal swabs—Guidelines based on an anatomical study |
title_full | Performing nasopharyngeal swabs—Guidelines based on an anatomical study |
title_fullStr | Performing nasopharyngeal swabs—Guidelines based on an anatomical study |
title_full_unstemmed | Performing nasopharyngeal swabs—Guidelines based on an anatomical study |
title_short | Performing nasopharyngeal swabs—Guidelines based on an anatomical study |
title_sort | performing nasopharyngeal swabs—guidelines based on an anatomical study |
topic | Original Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8426742/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34216513 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.23762 |
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