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Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Pelvis and Caudal Lumbar Spine in German Shepherd Dogs

Lumbosacral vertebral motion is thought to be a factor in the development of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in German shepherd dogs. So far, few studies exist describing natural canine lumbosacral movement in vivo. Therefore, this investigation aims to achieve a detailed in vivo analysis of bone...

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Autores principales: Schaub, Katharina I., Kelleners, Nicola, Schmidt, Martin J., Eley, Nele, Fischer, Martin S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8427507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34513974
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.709966
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author Schaub, Katharina I.
Kelleners, Nicola
Schmidt, Martin J.
Eley, Nele
Fischer, Martin S.
author_facet Schaub, Katharina I.
Kelleners, Nicola
Schmidt, Martin J.
Eley, Nele
Fischer, Martin S.
author_sort Schaub, Katharina I.
collection PubMed
description Lumbosacral vertebral motion is thought to be a factor in the development of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in German shepherd dogs. So far, few studies exist describing natural canine lumbosacral movement in vivo. Therefore, this investigation aims to achieve a detailed in vivo analysis of bone movement of the lumbosacral region to gain a better understanding of the origin of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis using three-dimensional non-invasive in vivo analysis of canine pelvic and caudal lumbar motion (at L6 and L7). Biplanar cineradiography of the pelvis and caudal lumbar spine of four clinically sound German shepherd dogs at a walk and at a trot on a treadmill was recorded. Pelvic and intervertebral motion was virtually reconstructed and analyzed with scientific rotoscoping. The use of this technique made possible non-invasive measurement of physiological vertebral motion in dogs with high accuracy. Furthermore, the gait patterns of the dogs revealed a wide variation both between individual steps and between dogs. Pelvic motion showed a common basic pattern throughout the stride cycle. Motion at L6 and L7, except for sagittal rotation at a trot, was largely asynchronous with the stride cycle. Intervertebral motion in all dogs was small with approximately 2–3° rotation and translations of approximately 1–2 mm. The predominant motion of the pelvis was axial rotation at a walk, whereas lateral rotation was predominant at a trot. L7 showed a predominance of sagittal rotation (with up to 5.1° at a trot), whereas lateral rotation was the main component of the movement at L6 (about 2.3° in both gaits). During trotting, a coupling of various motions was detected: axial rotation of L7 and the pelvis was inverse and was coupled with craniocaudal translation of L7. In addition, a certain degree of compensation of abnormal pelvic movements during walking and trotting by the caudal lumbar spine was evident.
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spelling pubmed-84275072021-09-10 Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Pelvis and Caudal Lumbar Spine in German Shepherd Dogs Schaub, Katharina I. Kelleners, Nicola Schmidt, Martin J. Eley, Nele Fischer, Martin S. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Lumbosacral vertebral motion is thought to be a factor in the development of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in German shepherd dogs. So far, few studies exist describing natural canine lumbosacral movement in vivo. Therefore, this investigation aims to achieve a detailed in vivo analysis of bone movement of the lumbosacral region to gain a better understanding of the origin of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis using three-dimensional non-invasive in vivo analysis of canine pelvic and caudal lumbar motion (at L6 and L7). Biplanar cineradiography of the pelvis and caudal lumbar spine of four clinically sound German shepherd dogs at a walk and at a trot on a treadmill was recorded. Pelvic and intervertebral motion was virtually reconstructed and analyzed with scientific rotoscoping. The use of this technique made possible non-invasive measurement of physiological vertebral motion in dogs with high accuracy. Furthermore, the gait patterns of the dogs revealed a wide variation both between individual steps and between dogs. Pelvic motion showed a common basic pattern throughout the stride cycle. Motion at L6 and L7, except for sagittal rotation at a trot, was largely asynchronous with the stride cycle. Intervertebral motion in all dogs was small with approximately 2–3° rotation and translations of approximately 1–2 mm. The predominant motion of the pelvis was axial rotation at a walk, whereas lateral rotation was predominant at a trot. L7 showed a predominance of sagittal rotation (with up to 5.1° at a trot), whereas lateral rotation was the main component of the movement at L6 (about 2.3° in both gaits). During trotting, a coupling of various motions was detected: axial rotation of L7 and the pelvis was inverse and was coupled with craniocaudal translation of L7. In addition, a certain degree of compensation of abnormal pelvic movements during walking and trotting by the caudal lumbar spine was evident. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8427507/ /pubmed/34513974 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.709966 Text en Copyright © 2021 Schaub, Kelleners, Schmidt, Eley and Fischer. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Schaub, Katharina I.
Kelleners, Nicola
Schmidt, Martin J.
Eley, Nele
Fischer, Martin S.
Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Pelvis and Caudal Lumbar Spine in German Shepherd Dogs
title Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Pelvis and Caudal Lumbar Spine in German Shepherd Dogs
title_full Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Pelvis and Caudal Lumbar Spine in German Shepherd Dogs
title_fullStr Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Pelvis and Caudal Lumbar Spine in German Shepherd Dogs
title_full_unstemmed Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Pelvis and Caudal Lumbar Spine in German Shepherd Dogs
title_short Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Pelvis and Caudal Lumbar Spine in German Shepherd Dogs
title_sort three-dimensional kinematics of the pelvis and caudal lumbar spine in german shepherd dogs
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8427507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34513974
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.709966
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