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The Thermodynamic Consequences of Parkinson's Disease

Several lines of evidence point to a pervasive disturbance of energy balance in Parkinson's disease (PD). Weight loss, common and multifactorial, is the most observable sign of this. Bradykinesia may be best understood as an underinvestment of energy in voluntary movement. This accords with rod...

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Autores principales: Kempster, Peter A., Perju-Dumbrava, Laura
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8427692/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34512508
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.685314
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author Kempster, Peter A.
Perju-Dumbrava, Laura
author_facet Kempster, Peter A.
Perju-Dumbrava, Laura
author_sort Kempster, Peter A.
collection PubMed
description Several lines of evidence point to a pervasive disturbance of energy balance in Parkinson's disease (PD). Weight loss, common and multifactorial, is the most observable sign of this. Bradykinesia may be best understood as an underinvestment of energy in voluntary movement. This accords with rodent experiments that emphasise the importance of dopamine in allocating motor energy expenditure. Oxygen consumption studies in PD suggest that, when activities are standardised for work performed, these inappropriate energy thrift settings are actually wasteful. That the dopaminergic deficit of PD creates a problem with energy efficiency highlights the role played by the basal ganglia, and by dopamine, in thermodynamic governance. This involves more than balancing energy, since living things maintain their internal order by controlling transformations of energy, resisting probabilistic trends to more random states. This review will also look at recent research in PD on the analysis of entropy—an information theory metric of predictability in a message—in recordings from the basal ganglia. Close relationships between energy and information converge around the concept of entropy. This is especially relevant to the motor system, which regulates energy exchange with the outside world through its flow of information. The malignant syndrome in PD, a counterpart of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, demonstrates how much thermodynamic disruption can result from breakdown of motor signalling in an extreme hypodopaminergic state. The macroenergetic disturbances of PD are consistent with a unifying hypothesis of dopamine's neurotransmitter actions—to adapt energy expenditure to prevailing economic circumstances.
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spelling pubmed-84276922021-09-10 The Thermodynamic Consequences of Parkinson's Disease Kempster, Peter A. Perju-Dumbrava, Laura Front Neurol Neurology Several lines of evidence point to a pervasive disturbance of energy balance in Parkinson's disease (PD). Weight loss, common and multifactorial, is the most observable sign of this. Bradykinesia may be best understood as an underinvestment of energy in voluntary movement. This accords with rodent experiments that emphasise the importance of dopamine in allocating motor energy expenditure. Oxygen consumption studies in PD suggest that, when activities are standardised for work performed, these inappropriate energy thrift settings are actually wasteful. That the dopaminergic deficit of PD creates a problem with energy efficiency highlights the role played by the basal ganglia, and by dopamine, in thermodynamic governance. This involves more than balancing energy, since living things maintain their internal order by controlling transformations of energy, resisting probabilistic trends to more random states. This review will also look at recent research in PD on the analysis of entropy—an information theory metric of predictability in a message—in recordings from the basal ganglia. Close relationships between energy and information converge around the concept of entropy. This is especially relevant to the motor system, which regulates energy exchange with the outside world through its flow of information. The malignant syndrome in PD, a counterpart of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, demonstrates how much thermodynamic disruption can result from breakdown of motor signalling in an extreme hypodopaminergic state. The macroenergetic disturbances of PD are consistent with a unifying hypothesis of dopamine's neurotransmitter actions—to adapt energy expenditure to prevailing economic circumstances. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8427692/ /pubmed/34512508 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.685314 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kempster and Perju-Dumbrava. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neurology
Kempster, Peter A.
Perju-Dumbrava, Laura
The Thermodynamic Consequences of Parkinson's Disease
title The Thermodynamic Consequences of Parkinson's Disease
title_full The Thermodynamic Consequences of Parkinson's Disease
title_fullStr The Thermodynamic Consequences of Parkinson's Disease
title_full_unstemmed The Thermodynamic Consequences of Parkinson's Disease
title_short The Thermodynamic Consequences of Parkinson's Disease
title_sort thermodynamic consequences of parkinson's disease
topic Neurology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8427692/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34512508
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.685314
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