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Systematic Review of Serum Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is responsible for the majority of trauma-related deaths and is a leading cause of disability. It is characterized by an inflammatory process involved in the progression of secondary brain injury. TBI is measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) with scores ranging from 1...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8428323/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34522534 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17056 |
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author | Mozaffari, Khashayar Dejam, Dillon Duong, Courtney Ding, Kevin French, Alexis Ng, Edwin Preet, Komal Franks, Alyssa Kwan, Isabelle Phillips, H. Westley Kim, Dennis Y Yang, Isaac |
author_facet | Mozaffari, Khashayar Dejam, Dillon Duong, Courtney Ding, Kevin French, Alexis Ng, Edwin Preet, Komal Franks, Alyssa Kwan, Isabelle Phillips, H. Westley Kim, Dennis Y Yang, Isaac |
author_sort | Mozaffari, Khashayar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is responsible for the majority of trauma-related deaths and is a leading cause of disability. It is characterized by an inflammatory process involved in the progression of secondary brain injury. TBI is measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) with scores ranging from 15-3, demonstrating mild to severe brain injury. Apart from this clinical assessment of TBI, compendiums of literature have been published on TBI-related serum markers.Herein we create a comprehensive appraisal of the most prominent serum biomarkers used in the assessment and care of TBI.The PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were queried with the terms “biomarker” and “traumatic brain injury” as search terms with only full-text, English articles within the past 10 years selected. Non-human studies were excluded, and only adult patients fell within the purview of this analysis. A total of 528 articles were analyzed in the initial search with 289 selected for screening. A further 152 were excluded for primary screening. Of the remaining 137, 54 were included in the final analysis. Serum biomarkers were listed into the following broad categories for ease of discussion: immune markers and markers of inflammation, hormones as biomarkers, coagulation and vasculature, genetic polymorphisms, antioxidants and oxidative stress, apoptosis and degradation pathways, and protein markers. Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), S100, and neurons specific enolase (NSE) were the most prominent and frequently cited markers. Amongst these three, no single serum biomarker demonstrated neither superior sensitivity nor specificity compared to the other two, therefore noninvasive panels should incorporate these three serum biomarkers to retain sensitivity and maximize specificity for TBI. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8428323 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84283232021-09-13 Systematic Review of Serum Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury Mozaffari, Khashayar Dejam, Dillon Duong, Courtney Ding, Kevin French, Alexis Ng, Edwin Preet, Komal Franks, Alyssa Kwan, Isabelle Phillips, H. Westley Kim, Dennis Y Yang, Isaac Cureus Neurosurgery Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is responsible for the majority of trauma-related deaths and is a leading cause of disability. It is characterized by an inflammatory process involved in the progression of secondary brain injury. TBI is measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) with scores ranging from 15-3, demonstrating mild to severe brain injury. Apart from this clinical assessment of TBI, compendiums of literature have been published on TBI-related serum markers.Herein we create a comprehensive appraisal of the most prominent serum biomarkers used in the assessment and care of TBI.The PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were queried with the terms “biomarker” and “traumatic brain injury” as search terms with only full-text, English articles within the past 10 years selected. Non-human studies were excluded, and only adult patients fell within the purview of this analysis. A total of 528 articles were analyzed in the initial search with 289 selected for screening. A further 152 were excluded for primary screening. Of the remaining 137, 54 were included in the final analysis. Serum biomarkers were listed into the following broad categories for ease of discussion: immune markers and markers of inflammation, hormones as biomarkers, coagulation and vasculature, genetic polymorphisms, antioxidants and oxidative stress, apoptosis and degradation pathways, and protein markers. Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), S100, and neurons specific enolase (NSE) were the most prominent and frequently cited markers. Amongst these three, no single serum biomarker demonstrated neither superior sensitivity nor specificity compared to the other two, therefore noninvasive panels should incorporate these three serum biomarkers to retain sensitivity and maximize specificity for TBI. Cureus 2021-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8428323/ /pubmed/34522534 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17056 Text en Copyright © 2021, Mozaffari et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Neurosurgery Mozaffari, Khashayar Dejam, Dillon Duong, Courtney Ding, Kevin French, Alexis Ng, Edwin Preet, Komal Franks, Alyssa Kwan, Isabelle Phillips, H. Westley Kim, Dennis Y Yang, Isaac Systematic Review of Serum Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury |
title | Systematic Review of Serum Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury |
title_full | Systematic Review of Serum Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury |
title_fullStr | Systematic Review of Serum Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury |
title_full_unstemmed | Systematic Review of Serum Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury |
title_short | Systematic Review of Serum Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury |
title_sort | systematic review of serum biomarkers in traumatic brain injury |
topic | Neurosurgery |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8428323/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34522534 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17056 |
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