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Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review

BACKGROUND: Leprosy elimination primarily targets transmission of Mycobacterium leprae which is not restricted to patients’ households. As interruption of transmission is imminent in many countries, a test to detect infected asymptomatic individuals who can perpetuate transmission is required. Antib...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Pierneef, Louise, van Hooij, Anouk, Taal, Anneke, Rumbaut, Raisa, Nobre, Mauricio Lisboa, van Brakel, Wim, Geluk, Annemieke
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8428563/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34449763
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009667
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author Pierneef, Louise
van Hooij, Anouk
Taal, Anneke
Rumbaut, Raisa
Nobre, Mauricio Lisboa
van Brakel, Wim
Geluk, Annemieke
author_facet Pierneef, Louise
van Hooij, Anouk
Taal, Anneke
Rumbaut, Raisa
Nobre, Mauricio Lisboa
van Brakel, Wim
Geluk, Annemieke
author_sort Pierneef, Louise
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Leprosy elimination primarily targets transmission of Mycobacterium leprae which is not restricted to patients’ households. As interruption of transmission is imminent in many countries, a test to detect infected asymptomatic individuals who can perpetuate transmission is required. Antibodies directed against M. leprae antigens are indicative of M. leprae infection but cannot discriminate between active and past infection. Seroprevalence in young children, however, reflects recent M. leprae infection and may thus be used to monitor transmission in an area. Therefore, this literature review aimed to evaluate what has been reported on serological tests measuring anti-M. leprae antibodies in children without leprosy below the age of 15 in leprosy-endemic areas. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A literature search was performed in the databases Pubmed, Infolep, Web of Science and The Virtual Health Library. From the 724 articles identified through the search criteria, 28 full-text articles fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Two additional papers were identified through snowballing, resulting in a total of 30 articles reporting data from ten countries. All serological tests measured antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-I or synthetic derivatives thereof, either quantitatively (ELISA or UCP-LFA) or qualitatively (ML-flow or NDO-LID rapid test). The median seroprevalence in children in endemic areas was 14.9% and was stable over time if disease incidence remained unchanged. Importantly, seroprevalence decreased with age, indicating that children are a suitable group for sensitive assessment of recent M. leprae infection. However, direct comparison between areas, solely based on the data reported in these studies, was impeded by the use of different tests and variable cut-off levels. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative anti-PGL-I serology in young children holds promise as a screening test to assess M. leprae infection and may be applied as a proxy for transmission and thereby as a means to monitor the effect of (prophylactic) interventions on the route to leprosy elimination.
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spelling pubmed-84285632021-09-10 Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review Pierneef, Louise van Hooij, Anouk Taal, Anneke Rumbaut, Raisa Nobre, Mauricio Lisboa van Brakel, Wim Geluk, Annemieke PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Leprosy elimination primarily targets transmission of Mycobacterium leprae which is not restricted to patients’ households. As interruption of transmission is imminent in many countries, a test to detect infected asymptomatic individuals who can perpetuate transmission is required. Antibodies directed against M. leprae antigens are indicative of M. leprae infection but cannot discriminate between active and past infection. Seroprevalence in young children, however, reflects recent M. leprae infection and may thus be used to monitor transmission in an area. Therefore, this literature review aimed to evaluate what has been reported on serological tests measuring anti-M. leprae antibodies in children without leprosy below the age of 15 in leprosy-endemic areas. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A literature search was performed in the databases Pubmed, Infolep, Web of Science and The Virtual Health Library. From the 724 articles identified through the search criteria, 28 full-text articles fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Two additional papers were identified through snowballing, resulting in a total of 30 articles reporting data from ten countries. All serological tests measured antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-I or synthetic derivatives thereof, either quantitatively (ELISA or UCP-LFA) or qualitatively (ML-flow or NDO-LID rapid test). The median seroprevalence in children in endemic areas was 14.9% and was stable over time if disease incidence remained unchanged. Importantly, seroprevalence decreased with age, indicating that children are a suitable group for sensitive assessment of recent M. leprae infection. However, direct comparison between areas, solely based on the data reported in these studies, was impeded by the use of different tests and variable cut-off levels. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative anti-PGL-I serology in young children holds promise as a screening test to assess M. leprae infection and may be applied as a proxy for transmission and thereby as a means to monitor the effect of (prophylactic) interventions on the route to leprosy elimination. Public Library of Science 2021-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8428563/ /pubmed/34449763 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009667 Text en © 2021 Pierneef et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Pierneef, Louise
van Hooij, Anouk
Taal, Anneke
Rumbaut, Raisa
Nobre, Mauricio Lisboa
van Brakel, Wim
Geluk, Annemieke
Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review
title Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review
title_full Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review
title_fullStr Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review
title_short Detection of anti-M. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: A systematic review
title_sort detection of anti-m. leprae antibodies in children in leprosy-endemic areas: a systematic review
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8428563/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34449763
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009667
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