Cargando…

Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die

Microbes are constantly evolving. Laboratory studies of bacterial evolution increase our understanding of evolutionary dynamics, identify adaptive changes, and answer important questions that impact human health. During bacterial infections in humans, however, the evolutionary parameters acting on i...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Culyba, Matthew J., Van Tyne, Daria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8428787/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34499699
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009872
_version_ 1783750441964666880
author Culyba, Matthew J.
Van Tyne, Daria
author_facet Culyba, Matthew J.
Van Tyne, Daria
author_sort Culyba, Matthew J.
collection PubMed
description Microbes are constantly evolving. Laboratory studies of bacterial evolution increase our understanding of evolutionary dynamics, identify adaptive changes, and answer important questions that impact human health. During bacterial infections in humans, however, the evolutionary parameters acting on infecting populations are likely to be much more complex than those that can be tested in the laboratory. Nonetheless, human infections can be thought of as naturally occurring in vivo bacterial evolution experiments, which can teach us about antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, and transmission. Here, we review recent advances in the study of within-host bacterial evolution during human infection and discuss practical considerations for conducting such studies. We focus on 2 possible outcomes for de novo adaptive mutations, which we have termed “adapt-and-live” and “adapt-and-die.” In the adapt-and-live scenario, a mutation is long lived, enabling its transmission on to other individuals, or the establishment of chronic infection. In the adapt-and-die scenario, a mutation is rapidly extinguished, either because it carries a substantial fitness cost, it arises within tissues that block transmission to new hosts, it is outcompeted by more fit clones, or the infection resolves. Adapt-and-die mutations can provide rich information about selection pressures in vivo, yet they can easily elude detection because they are short lived, may be more difficult to sample, or could be maladaptive in the long term. Understanding how bacteria adapt under each of these scenarios can reveal new insights about the basic biology of pathogenic microbes and could aid in the design of new translational approaches to combat bacterial infections.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8428787
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-84287872021-09-10 Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die Culyba, Matthew J. Van Tyne, Daria PLoS Pathog Review Microbes are constantly evolving. Laboratory studies of bacterial evolution increase our understanding of evolutionary dynamics, identify adaptive changes, and answer important questions that impact human health. During bacterial infections in humans, however, the evolutionary parameters acting on infecting populations are likely to be much more complex than those that can be tested in the laboratory. Nonetheless, human infections can be thought of as naturally occurring in vivo bacterial evolution experiments, which can teach us about antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, and transmission. Here, we review recent advances in the study of within-host bacterial evolution during human infection and discuss practical considerations for conducting such studies. We focus on 2 possible outcomes for de novo adaptive mutations, which we have termed “adapt-and-live” and “adapt-and-die.” In the adapt-and-live scenario, a mutation is long lived, enabling its transmission on to other individuals, or the establishment of chronic infection. In the adapt-and-die scenario, a mutation is rapidly extinguished, either because it carries a substantial fitness cost, it arises within tissues that block transmission to new hosts, it is outcompeted by more fit clones, or the infection resolves. Adapt-and-die mutations can provide rich information about selection pressures in vivo, yet they can easily elude detection because they are short lived, may be more difficult to sample, or could be maladaptive in the long term. Understanding how bacteria adapt under each of these scenarios can reveal new insights about the basic biology of pathogenic microbes and could aid in the design of new translational approaches to combat bacterial infections. Public Library of Science 2021-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8428787/ /pubmed/34499699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009872 Text en © 2021 Culyba, Van Tyne https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Review
Culyba, Matthew J.
Van Tyne, Daria
Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die
title Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die
title_full Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die
title_fullStr Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die
title_full_unstemmed Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die
title_short Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die
title_sort bacterial evolution during human infection: adapt and live or adapt and die
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8428787/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34499699
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009872
work_keys_str_mv AT culybamatthewj bacterialevolutionduringhumaninfectionadaptandliveoradaptanddie
AT vantynedaria bacterialevolutionduringhumaninfectionadaptandliveoradaptanddie