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The Importance of Interferon-Tau in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy

Several decades of improving dairy cattle towards unilateral utilization of dairy cattle led to enormous progress in the field of milk yield; however, it resulted in a number of unfavorable features, such as reproductive disorders, increased calf mortality, and reduced health. Most cases of embryo l...

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Autores principales: Kowalczyk, Alicja, Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa, Wrzecińska, Marcjanna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8429012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34513997
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9915814
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author Kowalczyk, Alicja
Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa
Wrzecińska, Marcjanna
author_facet Kowalczyk, Alicja
Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa
Wrzecińska, Marcjanna
author_sort Kowalczyk, Alicja
collection PubMed
description Several decades of improving dairy cattle towards unilateral utilization of dairy cattle led to enormous progress in the field of milk yield; however, it resulted in a number of unfavorable features, such as reproductive disorders, increased calf mortality, and reduced health. Most cases of embryo loss and/or lost pregnancies occur during the first four to five weeks of gestation; accurate detection for pregnancy during this period is likely to contribute to an improvement in gestation rates. A specific protein, interferon-tau (IFNT), stimulates interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and their expression increases during gestation within 21 days after insemination. In bovines, the early conceptus undergoes a phase of rapid growth and elongation before implantation, the latter occurring 2–3 weeks after fertilization. IFNT acts mainly in the endometrium of the luminal epithelium. It is a new type I interferon that regulates several genes encoding uterine-derived factors. They are crucial in the processes of preparing the uterus for placenta attachment, modifying the uterine immune system, and regulating early fetal development. Because IFNT is expressed and induces ISGs in the endometrium during pregnancy recognition, it was reasoned that surrogate markers for pregnancy or IFNT might be present in the blood and provide an indicator of pregnancy status in cattle.
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spelling pubmed-84290122021-09-10 The Importance of Interferon-Tau in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy Kowalczyk, Alicja Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa Wrzecińska, Marcjanna Biomed Res Int Review Article Several decades of improving dairy cattle towards unilateral utilization of dairy cattle led to enormous progress in the field of milk yield; however, it resulted in a number of unfavorable features, such as reproductive disorders, increased calf mortality, and reduced health. Most cases of embryo loss and/or lost pregnancies occur during the first four to five weeks of gestation; accurate detection for pregnancy during this period is likely to contribute to an improvement in gestation rates. A specific protein, interferon-tau (IFNT), stimulates interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and their expression increases during gestation within 21 days after insemination. In bovines, the early conceptus undergoes a phase of rapid growth and elongation before implantation, the latter occurring 2–3 weeks after fertilization. IFNT acts mainly in the endometrium of the luminal epithelium. It is a new type I interferon that regulates several genes encoding uterine-derived factors. They are crucial in the processes of preparing the uterus for placenta attachment, modifying the uterine immune system, and regulating early fetal development. Because IFNT is expressed and induces ISGs in the endometrium during pregnancy recognition, it was reasoned that surrogate markers for pregnancy or IFNT might be present in the blood and provide an indicator of pregnancy status in cattle. Hindawi 2021-09-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8429012/ /pubmed/34513997 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9915814 Text en Copyright © 2021 Alicja Kowalczyk et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Kowalczyk, Alicja
Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa
Wrzecińska, Marcjanna
The Importance of Interferon-Tau in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy
title The Importance of Interferon-Tau in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy
title_full The Importance of Interferon-Tau in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy
title_fullStr The Importance of Interferon-Tau in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy
title_full_unstemmed The Importance of Interferon-Tau in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy
title_short The Importance of Interferon-Tau in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy
title_sort importance of interferon-tau in the diagnosis of pregnancy
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8429012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34513997
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9915814
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